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Moscow Domodedovo Airport

Moscow Domodedovo International Airport

Аэропорт Домодедово
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerDmitry Kamenshchik
OperatorDME Limited
ServesMoscow metropolitan area
LocationDomodedovo
Opened7 April 1962 (62 years ago) (1962-04-07)
Hub for
Focus city for
Time zoneEEST (UTC+03:00)
Elevation AMSL179 m / 588 ft
Coordinates55°24′31″N 37°54′22″E / 55.40861°N 37.90611°E / 55.40861; 37.90611
Websitedomodedovo.ru
Map
UUDD is located in Moscow Oblast
UUDD
UUDD
Location of the airport in Moscow Oblast
UUDD is located in European Russia
UUDD
UUDD
Location of the airport in Russia
UUDD is located in Europe
UUDD
UUDD
Location of the airport in Europe
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
14L/32R 2,370 7,776 Reinforced concrete
14R/32L 3,500 11,483 Cement-concrete
Statistics (2018)
Passengers29,403,704
Passenger change 16–17Increase7.6%
Aircraft movements234,700
Movements change 16–17Increase4.2%
Sources: Russian Federal Air Transport Agency (see also provisional 2018 statistics)[1]

Moscow Domodedovo International Airport (Russian: аэропорт Домодедово, IPA: [dəmɐˈdʲɛdəvə]) (IATA: DME, ICAO: UUDD), formally Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, is an international airport serving Moscow, the capital of Russia. It is located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southeast from the city centre of Moscow. Domodedovo Airport serves regular flights across Russia, as well as to Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, and it is the third largest airport in Russia and the CIS after Sheremetyevo and Pulkovo. Domodedovo Airport is among the top twenty busiest airports in Europe. In 2022, the airport served 21.2 million passengers.

In 2019, following a naming contest and a presidential decree, the airport was renamed after Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.[2]

History

The airport is named after the town of Domodedovo, on the territory of which it is located.

Survey work on the construction of the new Capital Airport began in 1948, after a decision by the Politburo. It was then described as special "Facility No. 306".

The Domodedovo Airport is on the former territory of a village called Elgazino (Russian: Елгозино). The village's wrecked wooden houses (Izba) at 55°25′7″N 37°51′53″E / 55.41861°N 37.86472°E / 55.41861; 37.86472 and cemetery with 19th century tombstones at 55°25′26″N 37°51′51″E / 55.42389°N 37.86417°E / 55.42389; 37.86417 remained in the early 21st century, less than a kilometer west of the runway, almost immediately behind the fences. The first mention of Elgazino dates back to the 16th century. In 1550, Tsar Ivan the Terrible gave his voivode and boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Sheremetyev a smaller estate in the Moscow district with 150 quarters of land. In 1627, the village appears again in the records and appears as a village of Elgozino on a pond with five peasant households, in the parish of the Church of the Resurrection in the village of Kolychevo. According to the results of the General Survey of the 1760s, the village already had 25 households and 218 inhabitants. In the 1950s, just before the village was demolished, it had a population of about 200 people.[3]

In 1951, preparatory work on construction began: cutting firebreaks, and construction of access roads, including roads from Paveletskaya.

A 1954 Resolution of the Council of Ministers of 13 November approved the proposal of the Main Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet under the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of the second airport of the Moscow civil air fleet near the village Elgazino Podolsky (now Domodedovo) Moscow Oblast.

In 1958, a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers enabled completion of construction of the first stage of the airport in 1962.

In 1962, an Order of the Head of Main Directorate of Civil Aviation, issued on 7 April No. 200 ("On the organization of the Moscow Domodedovo airport") ordered "organize as part of the Moscow Transport Aviation Management Directorate the new airport, and continue to call it the Moscow Domodedovo Airport". Therefore, 7 April 1962 is considered the official birthday of the airport. By the end of 1962, after the official approbation, the airport began flights by postal and cargo planes.

Domodedovo's terminal as it appeared in June 1974
Domodedovo in July 2016

Services from Domodedovo began in March 1964 with a flight to Sverdlovsk using a Tupolev 104. The airport, intended to handle the growth of long-distance domestic traffic in the Soviet Union, was officially opened in May 1965. A second runway, parallel to the existing one, entered service eighteen months after the opening of the airport. On 26 December 1975, Domodedovo Airport was selected for the inaugural flight of the Tupolev Tu-144 to Alma Ata.

In 1990s, the airport was privatized and came under the control of the private tourist company (later also an airline) East Line founded by Ural entrepreneurs Anton Bakov and Dmitry Kamenshchik. In 1992, their efforts led to the airport obtaining international status (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 13 July 1992 N 1262-r On the opening of Domodedovo Airport (Moscow) for international flights.[4] Bakov left the business in 1994, and Kamenshchik still heads the company.[5]

The reconstruction of the airport terminal complex began in 1999 as part of the Comprehensive Airport Development Program until 2003, which was approved by the Government of the Moscow Region and the Board of the Federal Air Transport Service of the Russian Federation. According that Program almost complete reconstruction of the airport terminal complex took place, which opened in 2000. The airport do not stop operations during period of construction.

In 2000, as a result of reconstruction, the capacity of the airport complex reached 6,000 passengers per hour: IAL – 2800 passengers per hour, DAL – 3,200 passengers per hour. As a result of this work Domodedovo airport terminal was the first in Russia to successfully pass the certification to ISO 9001:2000.

In 2003, the authoritative British magazine Airline Business recognized the growth in Domodedovo's passenger traffic as one of the highest among the 150 largest airports in the world. In 2004, the airport was among the hundred leading airports in the world, and by 2005 became the leader in passenger traffic in the Moscow aviation area, a record it held for the next ten years.

By 2009, the terminal floor space was expanded to 135,000 square metres (1,450,000 sq ft) from 70,000 square metres (750,000 sq ft) in 2004. The renovated terminal and airport facilities allowed the owners of the airport to attract British Airways, China Eastern Airlines, Lufthansa, Royal Air Maroc, Japan Airlines, Austrian Airlines, and Vietnam Airlines who moved their flights from another major international Moscow airport, Sheremetyevo Airport, to Domodedovo. Domodedovo topped Sheremetyevo Airport in terms of passenger traffic becoming the busiest airport in Russia. By 2010, the traffic at Domodedovo rose to over 22 million passengers per year from 2.8 million in 2000.[6]

Domodedovo is Russia's first airport to have parallel runways operating simultaneously.[7] Since the air traffic control tower was redeveloped in 2003, Domodedovo can control over seventy takeoffs and landings per hour. By late in the first decade of the 21st century, the airport had five business lounges set up by individual airlines.

Current main building

In 2003, the airport began an expansion program designed to obtain approval for wide-body aircraft operations. The runway, taxiways, and parking areas were enlarged and strengthened. In March 2009, it was announced that the approval had been granted, making Domodedovo Airport the first airport in Russia approved for new large aircraft (NLA) operations such as the Airbus A380. The approval signifies that its operations areas comply with size and strength requirements of ICAO Category F standards.[8] The airport has ILS category III A status.

Domodedovo Airport has been the focus of two terrorist-related incidents. In 2004, Muslim suicide bombers managed to pass airport security, board two passenger planes, and carry out the bombings after departure from Domodedovo. Despite the heightened security measures taken after this incident, another suicide bomber attack occurred on 24 January 2011, when an Islamist militant entered the terminal building and detonated a bomb in the arrival hall. As a result, mandatory screening and pat-down practices have been introduced at the airport terminal entrances.

Domodedovo Airport in 2014

In 2011 during the run-up for the IPO the holding company published information about the final beneficiary at the London Stock Exchange website and specified Kamenshchik as its sole owner. Domodedovo Airport is the only private airport in Russia: the airport operator is DME Limited Group.

Future development

As of January 2016, new concourse extensions adjacent to the current terminal building are under construction. The construction is projected to increase the overall size of the passenger terminal to 225,000 m2 (2,420,000 sq ft). The extensions opened in stages in 2012–2014. In May 2015, the new extension of terminal A (the main building) was finished, which contains new offices, an airport lounge and new passport control desks, and its design differs from other terminal parts. All concourses will remain connected and plan to increase the efficiency of the airport operations and passenger connections by using ICAO and IATA transfer technologies. A new parking space was also finished, which can accommodate over 1500 cars.[citation needed]

Airport facilities

Terminals

Terminal interior

The project is implemented within the framework of the architectural concept UNDER ONE ROOF: a single terminal allows the most efficient use of the transfer potential of the airport complex. The number of jetways increased to 40, including dual ones for servicing large-capacity aircraft, after the opening of the new segment of the passenger terminal (T2).[9]

Terminal 2

The first stage of Terminal 2 was built as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup program, for international flights. When completed, the international flights operated at concourse B were all shifted to the new segment, which became the second segment of a new passenger terminal and is twice the size of Terminal 5 at London Heathrow – the equivalent of 61 football fields. An area of 235,000 square metres (2,530,000 sq ft) (segment T2) was mounted to the left wing of the existing terminal. There are about 100 check-in counters, 40 self check-in kiosks, as well as special jetways for the world's largest passenger aircraft, Airbus A380. As a result, the total area of the passenger terminal (including the expansion of the current main segment T1) was more than doubled to nearly 500,000 square metres (5,400,000 sq ft).[10] It was designed by the British company RMJM and uses the under-the-roof concept, which means that passengers from all flights will be serviced within a single terminal. One of Europe's largest air hubs – Amsterdam Airport Schiphol – operates under this concept.[11] The construction was initially planned to be finished by March 2018, however, due to immediate changes in contractor, the construction was delayed significantly. During 2018, terminal staff worked only in specific arrival and departure zones for football fans, travelling with special fan-centered passports. The terminal was fully completed with all remaining parts left for work, in 2020.[12]

Moscow Domodedovo Airport has commissioned a new segment of the passenger terminal – T2, increasing the area of the air harbor to almost 500,000 square metres (5,400,000 sq ft). The total capacity of the airport will exceed 60 million passengers per year. The new segment is 7 floors with a total area of about 240,000 square metres (2,600,000 sq ft).[13]

Terminal 3 and Aeroexpress Terminal

In 2021 a new Aeroexpress terminal was opened, connected by a covered walkway to the airport terminal building.[14]

Hotel

In September 2017, a new hotel was opened inside the airport terminal ("Aerotel Express"). This allows passengers transiting through Moscow to stay at a hotel without exiting the terminal (previously transit passengers had to leave the terminal and use a shuttle van to access the nearest hotel). This was the first hotel inside an airport terminal in Russia.[15][16]

Lounges

Business lounges are available to business class passengers, participants of airline bonus programs and passengers, regardless of the class of the air ticket, who pay for the service in cash.

In 2023 the Horizon lounge opened in the new segment of the passenger terminal (T2) – a lounge-waiting area, a buffet, a coworking area, a shower room and a playroom for children.[17]

Family Service

The baby care room provides facilities for children aged 0 to 14 years. Family Service guests have access to playrooms, bedrooms and changing room, as well as a dining area with kitchen.[18]

DME MED

The first in Russia consultative and diagnostic clinic based on the airport's medical center is located in the new segment of the passenger terminal. The clinic offers a full range of laboratory tests, including genetic, as well as a wide range of functional, medical ultrasound, cosmetology and psychological services.[19]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, many countries have moved to ban Russian airlines from their air space and many countries ban airlines from flying in and out of Russian airspace. Other airlines from the European Union, North America, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Singapore have indefinitely suspended their services to Domodedovo.

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter services to and from Domodedovo:[20]

AirlinesDestinations
Air Arabia Abu Dhabi,[21] Ras Al Khaimah (begins 27 December 2024),[22] Sharjah[23]
Avia Traffic Company Bishkek, Osh
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku
Belavia Minsk
Egyptair Cairo,[24] Hurghada,[25] Sharm El Sheikh[25]
El Al Tel Aviv
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa[26]
FlyOne Armenia Yerevan
Gulf Air Bahrain
IrAero Antalya, Baku, Kyzyl
Izhavia Izhevsk
Jazeera Airways Kuwait City[27]
Jordan Aviation Amman–Queen Alia[28]
NordStar Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Makhachkala, Mineralnye Vody, Norilsk, Samara,[29] Sochi, Ufa[29]
Qanot Sharq Bukhara,[30] Fergana,[30] Namangan,[30] Samarqand,[30] Tashkent[30]
Red Wings Airlines Antalya, Batumi,[31] Tel Aviv,[32]
Seasonal charter: Hambantota–Mattala, Hurghada,[33] Phuket,[34] Sharm El Sheikh[33]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca[35]
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia[36]
S7 Airlines[37] Abakan, Antalya,[38] Apatity/Kirovsk, Ashgabat,[39] Barnaul, Blagoveshchensk,[40] Bratsk, Chita, Dubai–Al Maktoum,[41] Dubai–International,[42] Gorno-Altaysk, Irkutsk, Istanbul, Kaliningrad, Kazan, Kemerovo, Makhachkala, Mineralnye Vody, Murmansk,[43] Neryungri, Norilsk, Novokuznetsk, Novosibirsk, Novy Urengoy, Omsk, Öskemen, Penza, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Sochi, Tomsk, Ufa,[44] Ulan-Ude, Urgench, Vladikavkaz, Volgograd, Yakutsk
Severstal Avia Cherepovets, Petrozavodsk
Smartavia Saint Petersburg
Somon Air Dushanbe, Khujand
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat[45]
Ural Airlines Barnaul, Bishkek, Blagoveshchensk,[46] Chelyabinsk,[47] Chita, Dubai–Al Maktoum,[48] Dushanbe, Ganja, Grozny, Irkutsk, Istanbul,[49] Kaliningrad,[46] Khujand, Kulob, Makhachkala, Mineralnye Vody, Namangan,[50] Novosibirsk, Omsk, Osh, Qarshi,[50] Saint Petersburg, Samarqand,[51] Sochi, Vladikavkaz, Yekaterinburg, Yerevan[52]
Seasonal charter: Hurghada,[53] Ras Al Khaimah,[54] Sharm El Sheikh[55]
UVT Aero Kazan
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent
Yamal Airlines Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Salekhard

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
AirBridgeCargo[needs update] Beijing–Capital, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Hong Kong, Krasnoyarsk–Yemelyanovo, Saint Petersburg, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Tokyo–Narita, Yekaterinburg, Zhengzhou (all suspended)[56]
Suparna Airlines Cargo[57] Nanjing, Zhengzhou
Turkmenistan Airlines[58] Türkmenabat

Statistics

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at DME airport. See Wikidata query.
Annual passenger traffic[59]
Year Passengers % Change
2010 22,254,529 Steady
2011 25,701,610 Increase 15.5%
2012 28,000,000 Increase 9%
2013 30,760,000 Increase 10%
2014 33,039,531 Increase 7.5%
2015 30,504,515 Decrease -7.7%
2016 28,366,800 Decrease -7%
2017 30,700,000 Increase 7.6%
2018 29,400,000 Decrease -4.3%
2019 28,252,337 Decrease -4.1%
2020 16,389,427 Decrease -42%
2021 25,065,087 Increase 52.9%
2022 21,200,000 Decrease -15%

Other facilities

Ground transportation

Rail

Moscow Aeroexpress
Legend
 overlaps #D1 Line D1 (Moscow Central Diameters) to Odintsovo (11 stops)
Moscow Belorusskaya
Transfer for #2 Zamoskvoretskaya line at Belorusskaya Transfer for #5 Koltsevaya line at Belorusskaya
Moscow Savyolovskaya
Transfer for #9 Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line at Savyolovskaya Transfer for #11 Bolshaya Koltsevaya line at SavyolovskayaTransfer for #11A Bolshaya Koltsevaya line at Savyolovskaya
 Okruzhnaya
Transfer for #10 Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line at Okruzhnaya Transfer for #14 Moscow Central Circle at Okruzhnaya
 Aeroport Sheremetyevo
#D1 Line D1 (Moscow Central Diameters) to Lobnya
Moscow Kalanchyovskaya
Transfer for #D2 Line D2 (Moscow Central Diameters) at Kalanchyovskaya Transfer for #1 Sokolnicheskaya line at Komsomolskaya Transfer for #5 Koltsevaya line at Komsomolcheskaya
 Moscow Kurskaya
Transfer for #D2 Line D2 (Moscow Central Diameters) at Moscow Kursky Transfer for #3 Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line at Kurskaya Transfer for #5 Koltsevaya line at Kurskaya Transfer for #10 Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line at Chkalovskaya
 Moscow Paveletskaya
Transfer for #2 Zamoskvoretskaya line at Paveletskaya Transfer for #5 Koltsevaya line at Paveletskaya
 Verkhnie Kotly
Transfer for #14 Moscow Central Circle at Verkhnie Kotly Ground transferTransfer for #9 Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line at Nagatinskaya
Aeroport Domodedovo [ru]

The airport has a railway station with service to the Paveletsky Rail Terminal in central Moscow. The rail connection, which was completed in 2002, provides Aeroexpress trains (takes 45 min; coach class costs 500 rubles, business class costs 1,000 rubles), with two stops at Paveletsky Rail Terminal and Verkhnie Kotly railway station.
Regular suburban commuter trains in the Paveletsky suburban railway line take 65 to 70 min and cost 198 rubles, but are infrequent during the day.

Bus

Connection to Moscow is served by bus 308, 1185 Aeroexpress and commercial marshrutka minivans (more frequent departures): to Domodedovskaya of Moscow Metro Zamoskvoretskaya Line (#2). The fare is 170 rubles (eq. to 1,9 US$), travel time around 45 minutes.

Local buses and marshrutkas 11, 26, 30, 17k, 30k, 47k, 52k link to nearby towns and connect to the railway station in the Paveletsky suburban railway line at Domodedovo municipality.

Bus 999 is south-east bound and connects the airport to Bronnitsy, Kolomna and Ryazan.

Road

The airport has several long and short term parking lots. The terminal itself is accessed from the junction of Moscow Ring Road and Kashirskoye Highway via a designated 22 kilometer (14 mi) four-lane freeway. Passengers can use the services of a licensed taxi, popular mobile applications for ordering a car, as well as take a carsharing located in the parking P3.[63]

Accidents and incidents

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ Объемы перевозок через аэропорты России [Transportation volumes at Russian airports]. favt.ru (in Russian). Federal Air Transport Agency. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  2. ^ Zubacheva, Ksenia (3 June 2019). "What are the 'major' changes at Russian airports – and should you be worried?". kbth.com. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  3. ^ Деревня на месте аэропорта Домодедово, 25 October 2017
  4. ^ "Распоряжение Правительства Рф От 13.07.92 N 1262-Р Об Открытии Аэропорта Домодедово (Москва) Для Международных Полетов". 15 September 2016. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  5. ^ "Ветеран обороны Домодедово". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 7 October 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  6. ^ Московский аэропорт Домодедово провел интерлайн-конференцию "DME Connections 2011" (in Russian). Domodedovo Airport. Press release. 10 November 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  7. ^ "Simultaneous parallel departures for the first time ever in Russia". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011.
  8. ^ Heavy Metal, Aviation Week & Space Technology, 70, 10 (9 March 2009), p. 14
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  10. ^ "Росавиация начала строить новую полосу в "Домодедово"". Vedomosti. 14 August 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  11. ^ *Renovations of Moscow airports, Russia Beyond the Headlines
  12. ^ "В Домодедово не построят к ЧМ-2018 часть аэродромной зоны у терминала T2". interfax.ru. 20 March 2018.
  13. ^ "Домодедово открыло новый сегмент международного терминала. Фоторепортаж". РБК (in Russian). 6 July 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  14. ^ "Новый терминал "Аэроэкспресса" открылся в Домодедово". realty.interfax.ru. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
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  20. ^ Moscow Domodedovo Airport Archived 14 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
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  22. ^ "Air Arabia expands Ras Al Khaimah network with the launch of new route to Moscow". Air Arabia. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  23. ^ Liu, Jim (2 August 2024). "Air Arabia NW24 Sharjah Service Increases". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  24. ^ Liu, Jim (22 March 2018). "EGYPTAIR resumes Moscow service from April 2018". Routesonline. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  25. ^ a b "Туроператор Coral Travel открыл продажу туров в Египет с перелетом на Egypt Air".
  26. ^ "Ethiopian Airlines NS24 Moscow Service Changes". AeroRoutes. 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
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  29. ^ a b "Авиакомпания NordStar открыла продажу авиабилетов по новым маршрутам из Москвы в Самару и Уфу (АвиаПорт)". АвиаПорт.Ru (in Russian). 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
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  33. ^ a b Петров, Андрей (21 June 2024). "Чартеры Red Wings в Египет и Таиланд снова полетели из Домодедово". vestikavkaza.ru (in Russian). Vestnik Kavkaza. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  34. ^ "Red Wings NW23 Thailand Operations". AeroRoutes. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
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  37. ^ "Timetable". S7.ru.
  38. ^ "Rus hava yolu S7'den Antalya atağı" (in Turkish). airporthaber.com. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  39. ^ "S7 Airlines Flight S73236 (SBI3236)–Ashgabat (ASB) to Moscow (DME)-3 May 2023". FlightAware.
  40. ^ Liu, Jim (23 April 2019). "S7 Airlines schedules new domestic routes in S19". Routesonline. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
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  42. ^ "S7 will start flying from Moscow to Dubai at the end of September". www.oreanda-news.com (in Russian). Oreadna News. 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
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  44. ^ Рузин, Кирилл. "Рейсов из Уфы в Москву в августе станет больше - Путешествия и туризм – UfacityNews.ru". UfacityNews.ru. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  45. ^ ""Airline Turkmenistan" Open Joint Stock Company informs you that from December 15, 2023, regular passenger flights will be operated on the route Ashgabat – Moscow - Ashgabat". Turkmenistan Airline OJSC. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  46. ^ a b Liu, Jim (5 August 2019). "Ural Airlines outlines A320neo service from mid-Aug 2019". Routesonline. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
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  48. ^ ""Уральские авиалинии" планируют возобновить несколько рейсов в страны Азии". TACC. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
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  52. ^ "Ural Airlines Resumes Moscow – Yerevan Service From Nov 2023". AeroRoutes. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  53. ^ "Ural Airlines NW23 Egypt Network Expansion". AeroRoutes. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  54. ^ Liu, Jim (23 July 2024). "Ural Airlines Adds Moscow – Ras al Khaimah Charters in Oct 2024". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  55. ^ ""Уральские авиалинии" в феврале запустят чартеры из Москвы в Шарм-эль-Шейх". Interfax-Tourism (in Russian). 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  56. ^ aircargonews.net - VDG confirms suspension of AirBridgeCargo and Atran operations 21 March 2022
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Media related to Domodedovo International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodedovo_airport