List of diplomatic missions of Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany manages 227 diplomatic missions abroad. Of these, 153 are embassies, 52 consulates-general, 7 consulates, and 12 multilateral missions making it one of the world's largest diplomatic networks.[1]
In addition, there are 337 honorary consuls, which are not included in this list. Furthermore, Germany maintains a representative office in Ramallah and an institute in Taipei, which serves as de facto embassies to the State of Palestine and Taiwan, respectively.
When in a non-EU country where there is no German embassy, German citizens as EU citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.
History
Historically, the German state of Prussia and several smaller German states had sent emissaries abroad prior to the establishment of the North German Confederation, a precursor to the modern Federal Republic of Germany.
In 1874, Germany had only four embassies (in London, Paris, Saint Petersburg, and Vienna), but this was complemented by non-ambassadorial representation in the form of 14 ministerial posts (in Athens, Bern, Brussels, The Hague, Constantinople, Copenhagen, Lisbon, Madrid, Rome, Stockholm, Peking, Rio de Janeiro, Washington, D.C., and to the Holy See), seven consulates-general with diplomatic status (in Alexandria, Belgrade, Bucharest, London, New York City, Budapest, and Warsaw), and 37 consulates and vice-consulates headed by consular officers. By 1914, five additional embassies were established in Constantinople, Madrid, Rome, Washington, D.C., and Tokyo. The Foreign Office progressively reformed itself at this time to serve Germany's rising commercial and colonial interests abroad, as well as to reflect the professionalization of diplomacy generally.
Politics of the Third Reich affected the Foreign Office. In 1935 the Reich Citizenship Act led to the forced retirement of over 120 tenured civil servants. Positions and structures were created to imbed NSDAP representatives, and the SS began to be posted abroad as "police attachés". Under Joachim von Ribbentrop the Reich Foreign Ministry grew from 2,665 officers in 1938 to a peak of 6,458 in 1943, despite missions abroad closing as a consequence of the Second World War.
Germany's post-war diplomatic network started as early as 1949 with a mission in Paris to the newly formed Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The following year consulates-general were (re)opened in London, New York City, Paris, Istanbul, Amsterdam, Brussels, Rome, and Athens (until 1951 these were not embassies, as by virtue of the Occupation Statute the three allied powers had competence of foreign affairs; these consulates were intended to just manage commercial & consular affairs). West Germany's Federal Foreign Office grew, and by the time of Germany's reunification in 1990, there were 214 diplomatic missions abroad. Following German reunification, the Federal Republic inherited several diplomatic representations of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of former East Germany.[2]
The West German embassy in Stockholm was occupied by the Red Army Faction in 1975. In 1989 its embassies in Budapest and Prague sheltered fleeing East Germans while waiting for permission to travel onwards to West Germany; permission was subsequently given by the Czechoslovakian and Hungarian governments, accelerating the collapse of socialist hegemony in Eastern Europe.
Current missions
Africa
- Embassy in Dar es Salaam
- Embassy in Lilongwe
- Embassy in Maputo
- Embassy in Monrovia
Americas
- Embassy in Mexico City
- Embassy in Montevideo
- Embassy in Port of Spain
- Embassy in Santiago
- Consulate-General and Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City
- Consulate-General in San Francisco
Asia
- Embassy in Ankara
- Consulate-General in Istanbul
- Embassy in Baghdad
- Embassy in Dhaka
- Embassy in Hanoi
- Embassy in Muscat
- Embassy in Pyongyang (currently closed)
- Consulate-General in Shanghai
- Embassy in Tokyo
- Embassy in Vientiane
- Embassy in Yerevan
Europe
- Embassy in Bern
- Embassy in Bratislava
- Embassy in Budapest
- Embassy in Copenhagen
- Embassy in The Hague
- Embassy in Helsinki
- Embassy in Kyiv
- Embassy in Lisbon
- Embassy in Ljubljana
- Embassy in Madrid
- Embassy in Minsk
- Consulate-General in Saint Petersburg
- Embassy in Sarajevo
- Embassy in Oslo
- Embassy in Reykjavík
- Embassy in Riga
- Embassy in Rome
- Embassy in Stockholm
- Embassy in Tirana
- Embassy in Tallinn
- Embassy in Vienna
- Embassy in Warsaw
- Consulate-General in Wrocław
Oceania
Host country | Host city | Mission | Concurrent accreditation | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Canberra | Embassy | Countries: |
[154] |
Sydney | Consulate-General | [154] | ||
Fiji | Suva | Embassy | [155] | |
New Zealand | Wellington | Embassy | Countries: |
[156] |
Multilateral organisations
Organization | Host city | Host country | Mission | Concurrent accreditation | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conference on Disarmament | Geneva | Switzerland | Permanent Mission | [157] | |
Council of Europe | Strasbourg | France | Permanent Mission | [158] | |
European Union | Brussels | Belgium | Permanent Representation | [159] | |
Food and Agriculture Organization | Rome | Italy | Permanent Representation | International Organizations: |
[160] |
NATO | Brussels | Belgium | Permanent Delegation | [161] | |
OECD | Paris | France | Permanent Representation | [162] | |
OPCW | The Hague | Netherlands | Permanent Representation | [163] | |
OSCE | Vienna | Austria | Permanent Representation | [164] | |
United Nations | New York City | United States | Permanent Mission | [165] | |
Geneva | Switzerland | Permanent Mission | [157] | ||
Vienna | Austria | Permanent Mission | International Organizations: |
[166] | |
UNESCO | Paris | France | Permanent Representation | [167] |
Closed missions
Africa
Host country | Host city | Mission | Year closed | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Central African Republic | Bangui | Embassy | 1997 | [168] |
Equatorial Guinea | Malabo | Embassy | 2021 | [169] |
Lesotho | Maseru | Embassy | 1994 | [170] |
Sudan | Khartoum | Embassy | 2023 | [171] |
Americas
Host country | Host city | Mission | Year closed | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
United States | Seattle | Consulate | 2000 | [172] |
Asia
Host country | Host city | Mission | Year closed | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Kabul | Embassy | 2021 | [173] |
Mazar-i-Sharif | Consulate-General | 2021 | [174] | |
North Korea | Pyongyang | Embassy | 2020 | [175] |
South Vietnam[f] | Saigon | Embassy | 1975 | [176] |
Syria | Damascus | Embassy | 2011 | [177] |
Yemen | Sana'a | Embassy | 2015 | [178] |
Europe
Host country | Host city | Mission | Year closed | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Banja Luka | Liaison office | 2012 | [179] |
East Germany | East Berlin | Permanent Mission | 1989/1990 | |
Italy | Naples | Consulate-General | 2013 | [180] |
Oceania
Host country | Host city | Mission | Year closed | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby | Embassy | 1999 | [181] |
Travel warnings and "Krisenvorsorgeliste"
Germany regularly publishes travel warnings on the website of the Auswärtiges Amt (Federal Foreign Office) to its citizens. The Office allows German citizens to register online in a special list, the Krisenvorsorgeliste ("Crisis preparedness list") before they travel abroad (Elektronische Erfassung von Deutschen im Ausland [ELEFAND] Electronic Registration of Germans Being Abroad). With a password, the registered persons can change or update their data. The registration is voluntary and free of charge. It can be used for longer stays (longer than 3 months), but also for a vacation of only two weeks. The earliest date of registration is 10 days before the planned trip.
See also
- Foreign relations of Germany
- List of diplomatic missions in Germany
- PSA BPOL the security team of Germany tasked with providing protection for German embassies abroad
- List of German consuls in Jerusalem, Jaffa, Haifa and Eilat § List of consuls in Eilat
Notes
- ^ Subordinate to the embassy in Pretoria
- ^ Subordinate to the embassy in Dakar
- ^ Accredited as an observer mission.
- ^ Accredited as an observer mission
- ^ The German Embassy to the Holy See is located outside Vatican territory in Rome.
- ^ The embassy closed down on 24 April 1975, in the midst of the Fall of Saigon, which marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period to the formal reunification of Vietnam.
References
- ^ Amt, Auswärtiges. "The German Missions Abroad". German Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
- ^ Biewer, Ludwig. "The History of the German Foreign Office" (PDF). auswaertiges-amt.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2006. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Algier" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Luanda" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Cotonou" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Gaborone". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Ouagadougou" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Bujumbura" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Yaounde". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft N'Djamena" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Brazzaville" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Kinshasa" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Dschibuti" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Kairo" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Asmara". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ a b c "Germany in South Africa, Lesotho und Eswatini". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Addis Ababa". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Signature of the Cooperation Agreement within the Framework of the ZLECAF between the African Union and Germany". www.africatradeagreements.tn. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Libreville" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Banjul". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Accra". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Conakry" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "German Embassy in Senegal and Guinea-Bissau". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Abidjan" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Mission to Kenya, Somalia and the Seychelles". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Monrovia". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Tripolis" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Antananarivo" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Lilongwe". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Bamako". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Nouakchott" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Rabat" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Maputo" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Windhoek". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Niamey" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "German Missions in Nigeria". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Kigali". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Freetown". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Juba". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Dar es Salaam". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Germany sets pace with opening of Dodoma office". The Citizen. 14 September 2018. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Lomé" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Tunis" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Kampala". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Lusaka". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Harare". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Buenos Aires" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland La Paz" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Deutsche Vertretungen in Brasilien" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d "German Missions in Canada". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Santiago de Chile" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Bogotá" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft San José" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Havanna" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Santo Domingo" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Quito" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft San Salvador" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Guatemala-Stadt" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Port-au-Prince" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Tegucigalpa" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Kingston". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Mexiko-Stadt" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Managua" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Panama" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Asunción" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Port-of-Spain". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "German Missions in the United States". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Permanent Observers". Organization of American States. August 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Montevideo" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Caracas" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Eriwan" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Baku" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Manama". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Dhaka". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Phnom Penh". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f "Deutsche Vertretungen in China" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Tiflis" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "German Missions in India". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Jakarta". Federal Foreign Office. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Vertretungen in Irak" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Teheran" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Tel Aviv" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Auslandsvertretungen in Japan" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Amman" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Vertretungen in Kasachstan" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. 27 August 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy in Kuwait". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Bischkek". Federal Foreign Office. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Vientiane". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ Amt, Auswärtiges (2019-08-02). "Deutsche Botschaft Beirut". beirut.diplo.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-03.
- ^ "German Embassy Kuala Lumpur". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Ulan Bator" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Yangon". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Kathmandu". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Muscat". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "German Missions in Pakistan". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsches Vertretungsbüro Ramallah" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Manila". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Doha". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Institute Taipei". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "German Missions in Saudi Arabia". Federal Foreign Office. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Singapore". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Seoul" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Colombo". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Duschanbe" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Bangkok" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Deutsche Vertretungen in der Türkei" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Aschgabat" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "German Missions in the United Arab Emirates". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Taschkent" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Vertretungen in Vietnam" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Tirana" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Wien" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Minsk" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Brüssel" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Sarajewo" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Sofia" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Zagreb" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Nicosia". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Prag" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Kopenhagen" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Tallinn" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Helsinki" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Deutsche Vertretungen in Frankreich" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Vertretungen in Griechenland" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland beim Heiligen Stuhl" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Budapest" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Reykjavik" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Dublin". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Vertretungen in Italien" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Pristina" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Riga" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft in Litauen" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Luxemburg" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "German Embassy Valletta". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Chisinau" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Podgorica" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Vertretungen in den Niederlanden" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Deutsche Botschaft Nicosia" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
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- ^ a b c "Deutsche Vertretungen in Rumänien" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Deutsche Vertretungen in Russland" (in German). Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
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