Lijepa naša domovino
| English: 'Our Beautiful Homeland' | |
|---|---|
 The anthem's lyrics were first published in the 14 March 1835 issue of Danicza. | |
National anthem of Croatia | |
| Lyrics | Antun Mihanović, 1835 |
| Music | Josip Runjanin, 1846 |
| Adopted | 1919 (partially) 1941 (fully) |
| Readopted | 29 February 1972 |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse) | |
"Lijepa naša domovino" (Croatian: [ljêːpa nâʃa domǒʋiːno]; lit. 'Our Beautiful Homeland') is the national anthem of Croatia. Often simply referred to as "Lijepa naša" ('Our Beautiful') in Croatia, it is a phrase widely used as a metonym for the country.[1]
History
The original lyrics were written by Antun Mihanović and first published under the title "Horvatska domovina" ('Croatian Homeland') in 1835.[2] In 1846, Josip Runjanin (1821–1878) composed the music for "Horvatska domovina".[2] Runjanin's army bandmaster Josip Wendl adapted his music for a military brass orchestra.[2] The original form of the melody is unknown because the original has not been recovered to this day.[3]
The song was scored and harmonized for a male choir by a teacher and organist of the Zagreb Cathedral Vatroslav Lichtenegger in 1861, and after that it started to be performed as the Croats' ethnic anthem.[2][4] The title "Lijepa naša" has been applied since that time. The original text has 14 verses. Since then, a few minor adjustments have been made to the lyrics.[3]
The song was not immediately adopted by the Croatian Parliament as the national anthem. In 1907, the Association of Croatian Singing Clubs requested the parliament to do so but received no response, even though the song was used as the state anthem in unofficial capacity at ceremonies, including the 29 October 1918 session of parliament when Croatia formally dissolved its ties with Austria-Hungary.[3]
Between 1918 and 1941, segments of the Croatian national anthem were part of the national anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and it was unofficial hymn of Croats. During the World War II, in the Independent State of Croatia it was also used as state anthem, albeit with some modifications to the lyrics.[3] Croatian Partisans were also using it, for example during ZAVNOH sessions.
The song officially became the state anthem of Croatia through amendments of the Constitution of Croatia adopted by the parliament of the SR Croatia on 29 February 1972. It was confirmed by constitutions of 1974 and 1990, when its lyrics were slightly modified, and by the Coat of Arms, Flag, and National Anthem of the Republic of Croatia Act.[3]
Lyrics
Current official
On most occasions, only the first verse is performed.
| Croatian original[5] | IPA transcription[a] | English translation[3] |
|---|---|---|
I |
1 |
I |
Original poem
The poem first published in the cultural magazine Danica ilirska, No. 10, edited by Ljudevit Gaj, in 1835[5][10] originally consisted of fourteen verses but today, only verses one, two, thirteen, and fourteen are part of the national anthem.
| Croatian original | English translation |
|---|---|
Ljiěpa naša domovino, |
Our beautiful homeland, |
Notes
- ^ See Help:IPA/Croatian and Croatian phonology.
- ^ Sometimes written Teci Savo, Dravo, teci, especially in older publications.[6][7][8][9]
References
- ^ "lijep". Hrvatski jezični portal (in Croatian). Novi Liber / Srce. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d Tomasović, Mirko (20 March 2003). "Vrsni katalog emocija i epiteta" [An excellent catalog of emotions and epithets]. Vijenac (236). Matica hrvatska.
- ^ a b c d e f "State emblems". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia).
- ^ "Josip Runjanin" (in Croatian). Vinkovci: Josip Runjanin Music School. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014.
- ^ a b http://www.nsk.hr/horvatska-domovina/ Archived 2022-11-02 at the Wayback Machine (pristupljeno 14. ožujka 2013.)
- ^ Beckie, Kenneth N. (2004). Croatian Pioneers of Kenaston, Saskatchewan: "I Tell You Story--" : a Task of Gratitute. K.N. Beckie. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-9734702-0-8.
- ^ Razlag, Radoslav (1872). Pěsmarica (in Slovenian). Natisnil F. Skaza in drugovi. p. 14.
- ^ "U 'Milijunašu' kiksao na pitanju na koje bi odgovor trebao znati svaki Hrvat! Znate li ga vi?" [On 'Millionaire', he stumbled on a question every Croat should know the answer to! Do you know it?]. www.vecernji.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2022-01-12.
- ^ "Slobodna Dalmacija - 'Ako se pitate što je Hea, to je Hrvat u izvedbi Josipe Lisac!': jedne zbunila, druge dojmila; Kako se vama svidjela 'Lijepa naša' na inauguraciji?" [Slobodna Dalmacija - 'If you're wondering what Hea is, it's a Hrvat performed by Josip Lisac!': One confused, others impressed; How did you like 'Lijepa naša' at the inauguration?]. slobodnadalmacija.hr (in Croatian). 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
- ^ http://fluminensia.org/mihanovic-u-rijeci-napisao-lijepu-nasu (pristupljeno 14. ožujka 2013.)
Further reading
- Mratinić, Berislav (November 2011). "Sto dvadeset godina od prvog izvođenja "Lijepe naše domovine" kao himne" (PDF). Arhivski vjesnik (in Croatian). 54 (1). Zagreb: Croatian State Archives: 277–281. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
