Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

Latin: Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelizatione
Coat of arms of the Holy See
Palazzo di Propaganda Fide, seat of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Dicastery overview
Formed	22 June 1622; 402 years ago (1622-06-22)
Preceding Dicastery	Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
Dissolved	5 June 2022 (2022-06-05)
Superseding Dicastery	Dicastery for Evangelization
Headquarters	Palazzo di Propaganda Fide, Rome

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The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples (CEP; Latin: Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelizatione) was a congregation of the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church in Rome, responsible for missionary work and related activities. It is also known by its former title, the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Latin: Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide), or simply the Propaganda Fide. On 5 June 2022, it was merged with the Pontifical Council for Promoting the New Evangelization into the Dicastery for Evangelization.

It was responsible for Latin Church pre-diocesan missionary jurisdictions: missions sui iuris, apostolic prefectures (neither entitled to a titular bishop) and apostolic vicariates. Eastern Catholic equivalents like apostolic exarchate are the responsibility of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches. However many former missionary jurisdictions - mainly in the Third World - remain, after promotion to diocese of (Metropolitan) Archdiocese, under the Propaganda Fide instead of the normally competent Congregation for Bishops, notably in countries/regions where the Catholic church is too poor/small (as in most African countries) to aspire self-sufficiency and/or local authorities hostile to Catholic/Christian/any (organized) faith.

It was founded by Pope Gregory XV in 1622 to arrange missionary work on behalf of the various religious institutions, and in 1627 Pope Urban VIII established within it a training college for missionaries, the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide. When Pope Paul VI reorganized and adjusted the tasks of the Roman Curia with the publication of Regimini Ecclesiae Universae 15 August 1967, the name of the congregation was changed to the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.^[1]

The early congregation was established in the Palazzo Ferratini, donated by Spanish cleric Juan Bautista Vives, to the south of the Piazza di Spagna. Two of the foremost artistic figures of Baroque Rome were involved in the development of the architectural complex; the sculptor and architect Gianlorenzo Bernini and the architect Francesco Borromini.

The last Prefect of the Congregation was Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle from December 2019 until June 2022. The secretary was Archbishop Protase Rugambwa.^[2] The adjunct secretary and President of the Pontifical Mission Societies^[3] was Archbishop Giampietro Del Toso^[4] The under-secretary was Father Ryszard Szmydki, O.M.I.^[5]

Founded in 1622 by Pope Gregory XV with the bull Inscrutabili Divinae,^[6] the body was charged with fostering the spread of Catholicism and with the regulation of Catholic ecclesiastical affairs in non-Catholic countries. The intrinsic importance of its duties and the extraordinary extent of its authority and of the territory under its jurisdiction caused the Cardinal Prefect of Propaganda to be known as the "red pope".^{[citation needed]}

There had already been a less formally instituted committee of cardinals concerned with propaganda fide since the time of Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585). They were especially charged with promoting the union with Rome of the long-established Eastern Christian communities: Slavs, Greeks, Syrians, Egyptians, and Abyssinians. This was the traditional direction for the evangelization efforts of the Catholic Church. Catechisms were printed in many languages and seminarians sent to places as far as Malabar. The most concrete result was the union with Rome of the Ruthenian Catholic communion, most concentrated in modern-day Ukraine and Belarus; the union was formalized at Brest in 1596.

The death of Pope Gregory XV the following year did not interrupt the organization, because Cardinal Barberini, one of the original thirteen members of the congregation, became the next pope as Urban VIII (1623–1644). Under Urban VIII, a central seminary, the Collegium Urbanum, was established to train missionaries. The Congregation also operated Polyglotta, a printing press in Rome, printing catechisms in many languages.^[6] Their procurators were especially active in China from 1705, moving between Macau and Canton before finally settling in Hong Kong in 1842.

In strongly Protestant areas, the Congregation's activities were considered subversive: the first missionary to be killed was in Grisons, Switzerland, in April 1622, before the papal bull authorizing its creation had been disseminated. In Ireland after Catholic emancipation (1829) while the established church was still the Anglican Church of Ireland, the Catholic Church in Ireland came under the control of the Congregation in 1833, and soon reformed itself with a devotional revolution under Cardinal Cullen.

These "Cardinals in General Congregation" met weekly, keeping their records in Latin until 1657, then in Italian. The minutes are available in microfilm (filling 84 reels) at large libraries. In the course of their work, the Propaganda fide missionaries accumulated the objects now in the Vatican Museum's Ethnological Missionary Museum.

The Holy See removed the United States from the jurisdiction of Propaganda Fide as mission territory in 1908, along with England, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Canada.

With the publication of Pope Paul VI's Regimini Ecclesiae Universae on 15 August 1967, the Roman Curia was reorganized and the name of the congregation was changed to the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.^[1]

In 2014 Sr. Luzia Premoli, superior general of the Combonian Missionary Sisters, was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, the first woman to be appointed a member of a Roman curial congregation.^[7]

The Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith was established in 1622 due to the realization that the governmental structure of the episcopal structure and the decretal law was not possible. Episcopal structure and the Decretal law was government as described in the New Testament. In this new structure, missionaries would be given orders from Rome, and administrative power would be traded over to those who were titled bishops. The Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith was left in charge to give faculties to the aforementioned bishops in addition to perfects, who were similar to bishops without the notoriety.^[8]

A congregation for the propagation of the faith

On January 6, 1622 Gregory XV erected the Congregation de Propaganda Fide as central and supreme organ for the propagation of the faith to aim at the union of the Orthodox and Protestant Churches and to promote and organize the mission among non-Christians.^[9] The goal of this was to regulate missionary work through structural accountability. According to Fernando Cardinal Filoni, "The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples has jurisdiction over 186 archdioceses, 785 dioceses, 82 vicariates apostolic, 39 prefectures apostolic, 4 apostolic administrations, 6 missiones sui iuris, 1 territorial abbacy, and 6 military ordinariates," in today's modern organization.^[10] The Congregation has jurisdiction over missions in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and North America. The church overall has many statues and regulations in place for the overseen congregations so that they may determine the appropriate way to hold mass, perform the sacraments and spread the gospel in difficult or challenging settings.

Procurement of financial support

During Clement VIII's reign, in the sixteenth century, the second purpose for the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (CPF) was for the organization to procure financial support for their missions – both in domestic and international territory. Each territory would have procurators, where these individuals would ensure that mail, funds, and merchandise could be sent via any route, and Swedish, Danish, and English ships were preferred for their reliability. Most of CPF missions were run and funded by religious orders which were affiliated with this organization, but they were financially independent, like the French MEP and Italian Barnabites; and on the other hand, other income came from land properties, real estate, and commercial rentals in Rome and the Pontifical States, and also inheritance and donations from benefactors – from within Italy and abroad. Currently, these efforts are the ways in which CPF obtains funds for the mission, however, the World Mission Sunday is the main resource of collection for financial support for this organization.

The establishment of a seminary for the training of missionaries

The Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide (Pontifical Urban College for the Propagation of the Faith) was established in 1627 by Pope Urban VIII for the purpose of training missionaries.^[11] It was located at the former Palazzo Ferratini at the Piazza di Spagna. The college prepared students for holy orders, after which they were to return to their homelands as missionaries. In 1641 Urban VIII placed it directly under the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.^[9]

In 1931 the new Pontifical Urban University opened on the Janiculum. The Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide relocated from the Palazzo di Propaganda Fide to the renovated former hospital of Santa Maria della Pietà, also on the Janiculum, and serves as a residence for seminarians studying at the Urbania.

The establishment of a printing press to provide literature for missions

The congregation needed to mass-produce literature for their missions so they established their own printing press four years after their founding in 1626 (New Catholic Encyclopedia 11, 751). The press contributed it literature to the Collegium Urbanum as well as to missionaries traveling cross-country to territories that the Vatican entrusted them. The press was originally called Polyglotta, and was intended to print Catholic literature in the various native languages that CPF missionaries would encounter.^[12] The press faced significant challenges when most of the equipment and machinery they used to print books was stolen and destroyed during the invasion of Rome in the Napoleonic Wars, 1809 (New Catholic Encyclopedia 11, 751). Later in 1926, the Polyglotta Press was absorbed by the Vatican Printing Press under the leadership of Pope Pius X.

The Congregation was originally housed in a small palace, the Palazzo Ferratini, donated by the Spanish priest Vives. The building is located in the Rione Colonna, at the southern end of Piazza di Spagna. The architectural complex of the Propaganda Fide was developed in the triangular urban block between the Via Due Macelli and the Via del Collegio di Propaganda Fide, two streets which diverged from the piazza.

In 1634 a small oval chapel was built according to designs by Bernini. In 1642, Father Valerio, with Bernini, redesigned the façade to the Piazza di Spagna, and the development was continued along the Via Due Macelli by Gaspare de'Vecchio from 1639–1645.^[14]

In 1648, Borromini took over and made various proposals that included demolishing Bernini's chapel, which must have been particularly galling for the latter as he could see the building from his house on Via Mercede.^[15] The Re Magi chapel, dedicated to the Three Kings, has a plan with four side chapels and galleries above. The wall pilasters are continued in the vault as ribs that criss-cross and unite the space, unlike his design at the Oratory of Philip Neri Oratorio dei Filippini where the ribs are interrupted by the oval fresco at the centre of the vault. The criss-cross arrangement in the Re Magi Chapel is such that an octagon is formed at the centre, embellished with a Dove of the Holy Spirit bathed in golden rays.

The central door leads into the courtyard where Borromini intended a curved arcade but this was not built.^[16] Only the left hand side of the façade relates to the chapel and the right to the stair and entrance to the College.

Other parts of the College have further minor works by Borromini.

Prefect of Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Coat of arms of the Holy See
Incumbent Luis Antonio Tagle since 8 December 2019
Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Style	His Eminence
Member of	Roman Curia
Reports to	The Pope
Appointer	The Pope
Term length	Five years, renewable
Constituting instrument	Inscrutabili Divinae Pastor Bonus
Formation	22 June 1622
First holder	Antonio Maria Sauli
Abolished	5 June 2022
Unofficial names	The Red Pope

The prefect is ex officio President of the Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious and Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Urbaniana University.

No.		Name	From	Until	Appointer
1		Antonio Maria Sauli	1622	1622	Gregory XV
2		Ludovico Ludovisi	1622	1632	Gregory XV
3		Antonio Barberini	1632	1645	Urban VIII
4		Luigi Capponi (while Barberini was in exile)	1645	1649	Innocent X
5		Antonio Barberini	1649	1671	Innocent X
6		Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni	1671	1698	Clement X
7		Carlo Barberini	1698	1704	Innocent XII
8		Giuseppe Sacripante	1704	1727	Clement XI
9		Vincenzo Petra	1727	1747	Benedict XIII
10		Silvio Valenti Gonzaga	1747	1756	Benedict XIV
11		Giuseppe Spinelli	1756	1763	Benedict XIV
12		Giuseppe Maria Castelli	1763	1780	Clement XIII
13		Leonardo Antonelli	1780	1795	Pius VI
14		Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil	1795	1802	Pius VI
15		Stefano Borgia (Pro-Prefect until 1800)	1798	1800	Pius VI
			1802	1804	Pius VII
16		Antonio Dugnani	1804	1805	Pius VII
17		Michele di Pietro	1805	1814	Pius VII
18		Lorenzo Litta	1814	1818	Pius VII
19		Francesco Luigi Fontana	1818	1822	Pius VII
20		Ercole Consalvi	1822	1824	Pius VII
21		Giulio Maria della Somaglia Pro-Prefect	1824	1826	Leo XII
22		Mauro Capellari (elected as Pope Gregory XVI)	1826	1831	Leo XII
23		Carlo Maria Pedicini	1831	1834	Gregory XVI
24		Giacomo Filippo Fransoni	1834	1856	Gregory XVI
25		Alessandro Barnabò	1856	1874	Pius IX
26		Alessandro Franchi	1874	1878	Pius IX
27		Giovanni Simeoni	1878	1892	Leo XIII
28		Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski	1892	1902	Leo XIII
29		Girolamo Maria Gotti	1902	1916	Leo XIII
30		Domenico Serafini	1916	1918	Benedict XV
31		Willem van Rossum	1918	1932	Pius XI
32		Pietro Fumasoni Biondi	1933	1960	Pius XI
33		Samuel Stritch Pro-Prefect	1958	1958	Pius XII
34		Gregorio Pietro Agagianian (Pro-Prefect until 1960)	1958	1960	Pius XII
			1960	1970	John XXIII
35		Agnelo Rossi	1970	1984	Paul VI
36		Dermot J. Ryan Pro-Prefect	1984	1985	John Paul II
37		Jozef Tomko	1985	2001	John Paul II
38		Crescenzio Sepe	2001	2006	John Paul II
39		Ivan Dias	2006	2011	Benedict XVI
40		Fernando Filoni	2011	2019	Benedict XVI
41		Luis Antonio Tagle	2019[17]	2022	Francis

The secretary assists the cardinal-prefect in the day-to-day running of the congregation and is always an archbishop. They usually go on to hold a position in the Roman Curia that brings them membership to the College of Cardinals.

The adjunct secretary, when one is appointed, is concurrently President of the Pontifical Mission Societies.

• Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don (1 October 2001 – 2005.12.10)
• Henryk Hoser, S.A.C. (22 January 2005 – 24 May 2008)
• Piergiuseppe Vacchelli (24 May 2008 – 26 June 2012)
• Giampietro Del Toso (9 November 2017 – present)

• Charles Asa Schleck (1995–2000)

• Msgr. Angelo Mottola (Italy; later Archbishop) (1986 – 1999.07.16)

• Pontifical Urban University
• Protectorate of missions

• Mares, Courtney. "On this day 400 years ago, the Vatican founded Propaganda Fide". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
• Notre Dame University site gives history of the Propaganda Fide, with details of its organization

• Official Propaganda Fide website
• GCatholic.org
• the Collegio di Propaganda Fide: photos and history
• Satellite Photo. The Collegio is the large rhomboidal block buildings that lie just south of the Spanish steps (narrow tip and Bernini facade facing northeast to Piazza di Spagna).
• Umberto Benigni (1913). "Sacred Congregation of Propaganda" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.