The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. Communist Party of the Soviet Union may also refer to:

• Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992), a Russian party that claims lineage with the former party
• Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union, a group of parties formed in 1993
• Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001), a Russian party split from the Union of Communist Parties