Cherney is a Yiddish/Hebrew-language surname (Hebrew: צ'רנוי) derived from Russian word Чёрный (chyorny/cherny) meaning "black". Notable people with the surname include:

• Al Cherney, Canadian fiddler
• Brian Cherney (born 1942), Canadian composer
• Darryl Cherney (born 1956), American musician and environmental activist
• Ed Cherney, American recording engineer and record producer
• Lawrence Cherney (born 1946), Canadian oboist
• Michael Cherney (born 1952), Uzbek-born Israeli entrepreneur and industrialist

• All pages with titles containing Cherney
• Cheney (surname)
• Chesney