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Jacques Charles François Sturm

Jacques Charles François Sturm
Jacques Charles François Sturm portrayed by Jean-Daniel Colladon
Born(1803-09-29)29 September 1803
Geneva
Died15 December 1855(1855-12-15) (aged 52)
Paris
NationalityFrench
Known forSturm separation theorem
Sturm series
Sturm's theorem
Sturm–Liouville theory
Sturm–Picone comparison theorem
Speed of sound
Sturm's conoid
AwardsLégion d'Honneur (1837)
Copley Medal (1840)
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsÉcole Polytechnique

Jacques Charles François Sturm (29 September 1803 – 15 December 1855) was a French mathematician, who made a significant addition to equation theory with his work, Sturm's theorem.[1]

Early life

Sturm was born in Geneva, France in 1803. The family of his father, Jean-Henri Sturm, had emigrated from Strasbourg around 1760—about 50 years before Charles-François's birth. His mother's name was Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Gremay.[2]

In 1818, he started to follow the lectures of the academy of Geneva. The death of his father forced Sturm to give lessons to children of the rich in order to support his own family the following year. In 1823, he became tutor to the son of Madame de Staël.

At the end of that year, Sturm stayed in Paris for a short time following the family of his student. He resolved, with his school-fellow Jean-Daniel Colladon, to try his fortune in Paris, and obtained employment on the Bulletin universel.[3]

Discovery

In 1829, he discovered the theorem that bears his name, and concerns real-root isolation, that is the determination of the number and the localization of the real roots of a polynomial.[4]

Work

Sturm benefited from the 1830 revolution, as his Protestant faith ceased to be an obstacle to employment in public high schools. At the end of 1830, he was thus appointed as a professor of Mathématiques Spéciales at the collège Rollin.

He was chosen a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1836, filling the seat of André-Marie Ampère. Sturm became répétiteur in 1838, and in 1840 professor in the École Polytechnique. The same year, after the death of Poisson, Sturm was appointed as mechanics professor of the Faculté des sciences de Paris [fr]. His works, Cours d'analyse de l'école polytechnique (1857–1863) and Cours de mécanique de l'école polytechnique (1861), were published after his death in Paris,[3] and were regularly republished.

He was the co-eponym of the Sturm–Liouville theory with Joseph Liouville.

In 1826, with his colleague Jean-Daniel Colladon, Sturm helped make the first experimental determination of the speed of sound in water.[2]

Death

In 1851 his health began to fail. He was able to return to teaching for a while during his long illness, but died in 1855.[2]

The asteroid 31043 Sturm is named for him.[5] Sturm's name is one of the 72 names engraved at the Eiffel Tower.

Distinctions

Selected writing

Cours de mécanique de l'École polytechnique, 1871

See also

References

  1. ^ "Charles-François Sturm | Number Theory, Geometry & Analysis | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  2. ^ a b c O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jacques Charles François Sturm", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
  3. ^ a b  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sturm, Jacques Charles François". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1053.
  4. ^ See:
  5. ^ Schmadel, Lutz D.; International Astronomical Union (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 889. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sturm