Carboxy-lyases

Carboxy-lyases, also known as decarboxylases, are carbon–carbon lyases that add or remove a carboxyl group from organic compounds. These enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids and alpha-keto acids.^[1]

Classification and nomenclature

Carboxy-lyases are categorized under EC number 4.1.1.^[2] Usually, they are named after the substrate whose decarboxylation they catalyze, for example pyruvate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate.

^ Iding, H.; Siegert, P.; Mesch, K.; Pohl, M. (1998). "Application of α-keto acid decarboxylases in biotransformations". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 1385 (2): 307–322. doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(98)00076-4. PMID 9655924.
^ "E.C.4.1.1.- Carboxy-lyases". www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2006-10-13. Retrieved 2006-11-08.
^ Schwander, Thomas; Schada von Borzyskowski, Lennart; Burgener, Simon; Cortina, Niña Socorro; Erb, Tobias J. (2016). "A synthetic pathway for the fixation of carbon dioxide in vitro". Science. 354 (6314): 900–904. Bibcode:2016Sci...354..900S. doi:10.1126/science.aah5237. PMC 5892708. PMID 27856910.

Carboxy-Lyases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Carbon–carbon lyases (EC 4.1)
4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases	Acetoacetate decarboxylase Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Arginine decarboxylase Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Lysine decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase Pyruvate decarboxylase RuBisCO Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Aldolase A Aldolase B Aldolase C 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase Threonine aldolase
4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases	Isocitrate lyase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
4.1.99: Other	Tryptophanase Photolyase CPD lyase Spore photoproduct lyase

Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)