Caney Creek may refer to:

• Caney Creek (Arkansas) in the Ouachita National Forest
  • Caney Creek Wilderness, Arkansas
• Caney Creek (Kentucky)
  • Pippa Passes, Kentucky, a city along the creek known to its inhabitants as "Caney Creek"
• Caney Creek (Pine Creek tributary) in Ozark County, Missouri
• Caney Creek (Scott County, Missouri)
• Caney Creek (Oklahoma), located in Adair and Cherokee counties in Oklahoma
• Caney Creek (Matagorda Bay) in Texas
• Caney Creek (San Jacinto River tributary) in Texas