Cagayan is a province in the Philippines, but it may also refer to the following places, all in the Philippines:

• Cagayan Valley, an administrative region
  • Cagayan Special Economic Zone / Cagayan Freeport, located in Cagayan province
    • Cagayan River, in the Cagayan Valley region
• Cagayancillo, a municipality in Palawan province
  • Cagayan Islands, an island group which is a part of the municipality of Cagayancillo that includes:
    • Cagayan Island (one of the islands that comprises the Cagayan Islands)

• Cagayan de Oro, a highly urbanized city that lies along the northern coastline of Mindanao island and Misamis Oriental's capital
• Cagayan River, also called the Cagayan de Oro River, in northern Mindanao
• Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi or Cagayan de Sulu, now called Mapun, Tawi-Tawi, a municipality
  • Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi Island, other name of the primary island that comprises the municipality
• Metro Cagayan de Oro, metropolitan area of Cagayan de Oro

• Survivor: Cagayan, the 28th season of the American reality TV show Survivor, was filmed in Cagayan province

• Gaddang (disambiguation)