Burkholder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Dave Burkholder (contemporary), Canadian college ice hockey coach
• Donald Burkholder (1927–2013), American mathematician
• J. Peter Burkholder (born 1954), American musicologist
• James B. Burkholder (1918–2006), American army officer, activist for peace and social justice issues
• JoAnn Marie Burkholder (born 1953), American ecologist
• Mabel Burkholder (1881–1973), Canadian historian and author
• Max Burkholder (born 1997), American actor
• Seth Burkholder (born 1982), American football player
• Steve Burkholder (contemporary), Republican politician from Colorado, mayor of Lakewood 1999–2007
• Walter H. Burkholder (1898–1977), American plant pathologist