Bryden is a surname of Lowland Scots origin. Notable people with the surname include:

• Beryl Bryden (1920–1998), English jazz singer
• Bill Bryden (1942–2022), Scottish stage, film, and television actor
• Dave Bryden (1927–2013), Australian rules footballer
• James Bryden (1877–1917), New Zealand cricketer; died on active service in World War I
• James L. Bryden (1833–1880), British epidemiologist in India
• John G. Bryden (1937–2016), Canadian politician from New Brunswick; MP since 1994
• John H. Bryden (born 1943), Canadian historian and politician from Ontario; MP 1993–2004
• Kenneth Bryden (1916–2001), Canadian politician from Ontario
• Lewis Bryden (born 1944), American painter
• Marion Bryden (1918–2013), Canadian politician from Ontario; MP 1975–90
• Matthew Bryden, Canadian political analyst
• Nell Bryden (born 1977), American singer-songwriter
• Olivia Mary Bryden (1883–1951), English artist
• Philip Bryden, Canadian law professor
• Rod Bryden (born 1941), Canadian businessman; owner of the Ottawa Senators ice hockey team
• T. R. Bryden (born 1959), American professional baseball player
• Robert Alexander Bryden (1841–1906), Scottish architect

• Bryden Bandweth, a Black female teenager from Project Mc²