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Brith Sholom Beth Israel Synagogue

Brith Sholom Beth Israel
Synagogue in 2019
Religion
AffiliationJudaism
SectOrthodox
Location
Location182 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
Geographic coordinates32°47′15″N 79°56′46″W / 32.787579°N 79.946082°W / 32.787579; -79.946082
Architecture
FounderHirsch Zvi Levine
Date established1852
Completed1948

Brith Sholom Beth Israel Synagogue (Hebrew: ברית שלום–בית ישראל, lit. 'Covenant of Peace–House of Israel') is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue in Charleston, South Carolina. Its congregation was founded in 1852, and its current location has been in use 1948. It is located in the Charleston Historic District and is the oldest continuously-operating Ashkenazi Jewish congregation in the United States.[1]

History

Formation and Civil War

In the early 1850s, German and Polish Jews founded Berith Shalome, a small congregation led by recent emigrant to America, Hirsch Zvi Levine.[2] It was created in response to the largely Sephardic Jewish community already extant in the area, as the two communities had different rites of worship. Many other Eastern European Jews came to Brith Sholom and prayed in the Polish minhag, feeling that Sheaith Israel, the Sephardic synagogue, had been acculturated to the New World.[3] All three had been founded in opposition to the 18th-century Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, the Reform Jewish congregation in Charleston and one of the oldest synagogues in the United States.[4] The congregation applied for a Charter of Incorporation in June of 1856 as a formal organization,[5] and it was granted by the city in January of the following year.[6]

During the American Civil War, Brith Sholom was the only congregation to remain open in the city, and it house soldiers consistently for all four years.[7] In the 1870s, a synagogue was constructed on 145 St. Philip Street, where a large portion of Jews in the city lived.[2]

Breakaway congregations

In the late 19th century, many congregants were dissatisfied with the level of observance and broke away in 1886 and became "Shari Emouna" (Hebrew: שערי אמונה, lit. 'Gates of Faith'). A reconciliation was made and they merged back into the main congregation in 1897.[8]

In 1911, Beth Israel was founded as a breakaway synagogue by Russian Jewish immigrants in Charleston. The majority had come from the village of Kałuszyn (then-Kalushin, part of the Russian Empire), and had formed a mutual aid society and spoke Yiddish apart from many of earlier immigrants to the area.[9] and the two congregations merged in 1955.[10]

Leadership

Rabbis and Chazzans for Brith Sholom throughout history include:[8]

  • Rabbi Hirsch Zvi Levine (1852–1873)
  • Rabbi Barnet Rubin (1873–1874)
  • Chazzan Moses Spertner (1860)

...

  • Rabbi Nachum L. Rabinovitch (1955–1963)
  • Rabbi Hersh M. Galinski (1963–1970)
  • Rabbi David J. Radinsky (1970–2004)
  • Rabbi Art Sytner (2004–2012)
  • Rabbi Moshe Davis (2012–2023)
  • Rabbi Yosef Bart (2023–present)

Architecture

The current synagogue building utilized since 1948 features three brick arches surrounding entrance doors with concave keystones at the top of each. Above the entrances to the building is an inset of stone with the opening phrase of Ma Tovu (Numbers 24:5) written on it: Hebrew: מה טובו אהליך יעקב משכנותיך ישראל, romanized: Ma tovu, ohalecha Yaakov, mishkenotecha Yisrael, lit. 'How goodly are your tents, O Jacob, your dwelling places, O Israel!'. The surrounding top and sides of the façade feature windows of stained glass and multiple stone ornaments of the Star of David.

References

  1. ^ Lee, Matt; Lee, Ted (2013-02-26). The Lee Bros. Charleston Kitchen: A Cookbook. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-307-88973-7.
  2. ^ a b Hagy, James William (1993). A Portion of the People: Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life - This Happy Land. pp. 24–26. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  3. ^ Gurock, Jeffrey S. (2009-03-26). "Religious Dilemmas in a Treif World". Orthodox Jews in America. Indiana University Press. pp. 87 (367). ISBN 978-0-253-22060-8.
  4. ^ Hieke, Anton (2013-05-28). Jewish Identity in the Reconstruction South: Ambivalence and Adaptation. Walter de Gruyter. p. 207. ISBN 978-3-11-027774-6.
  5. ^ "Application will be made...". Charleston Mercury. 1856-06-23. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  6. ^ "Acts of Assembly". Charleston Daily Courier. 1857-01-23. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  7. ^ Israelowitz, Oscar (1988). Oscar Israelowitz's Guide to Jewish U.S.A.: The South. O. Israelowitz. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-9611036-6-8.
  8. ^ a b "Brith Sholom Beth Israel". Jewish Historical Society of South Carolina. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
  9. ^ Marcus, Jacob Rader (1993). United States Jewry, 1776-1985. Vol. 1. Wayne State University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8143-4468-2.
  10. ^ Tigay, Alan M. (1994-02-01). The Jewish Traveler: Hadassah Magazine's Guide to the World's Jewish Communities and Sights. Jason Aronson, Incorporated. pp. 128, 130. ISBN 978-1-4616-3150-7.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brith_Sholom_Beth_Israel_Synagogue