Bourque is a surname of Acadian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

• Chris Bourque (born 1986), American ice hockey player (son of Ray, brother of Ryan)
• Claude Bourque (1915–1982), Canadian ice hockey player
• Curt Bourque (born 1967), American horse-racing jockey
• David Bourque (born 1955), Canadian musician
• E. A. Bourque (1887–1962), Canadian politician; Mayor of Ottawa 1949–50
• Edna Bourque (1915–2012), Canadian volunteer with the elderly
• François Bourque (born 1984), Canadian Olympic skier
• Gabriel Bourque (born 1990), Canadian ice hockey player
• James Bourque (1935–1996), Canadian First Nations activist
• John Samuel Bourque (1894–1974), Canadian politician from Quebec; provincial legislator 1935–60; government minister
• Justin Bourque (born 1989), Canadian convicted triple murderer
• Mark Bourque (1948–2005), Canadian RCMP officer; killed while working with the UN in Haiti
• Pat Bourque (born 1947), American baseball player
• Phil Bourque (born 1962), American ice hockey player
• Pierre Bourque (born 1942), Québécois politician; mayor of Montreal 1994–2001
• Pierre Bourque (1958–2021), Canadian Internet entrepreneur
• Ray Bourque (born 1960), Canadian ice hockey player (father of Chris and Ryan)
• René Bourque (born 1981), Canadian ice hockey player
• Romuald Bourque (1889–1974), Canadian politician from Quebec; MP 1952–74
• Ryan Bourque (born 1991), American ice hockey player (son of Ray, brother of Chris)
• Thomas-Jean Bourque (1864–1952), Canadian politician from New Brunswick; MP 1917–52
• Wayne Bourque (born 1959), Canadian North American Native boxing champion