Blue Water

The westbound, double-ended Blue Water approaching Chicago in 2020
Overview
Service type	Inter-city rail, higher-speed rail
Predecessor	International
First service	April 25, 2004
Current operator(s)	Amtrak
Annual ridership	174,862 (FY24) 3.6%[a][1]
Route
Termini	Chicago, Illinois Port Huron, Michigan
Stops	11
Distance travelled	319 miles (513 km)
Average journey time	6 hours, 25 minutes[2] (Port Huron to Chicago) 6 hours, 31 minutes[2](Chicago to Port Huron)
Service frequency	Daily
Train number(s)	364 (eastbound) 365 (westbound)
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Operating speed	49 mph (79 km/h) (avg.) 110 mph (180 km/h) (top)
Track owner(s)	CN, Amtrak, MDOT, NS
Route map Show interactive map Legend 319 mi 513 km Port Huron 274 mi 441 km Lapeer 256 mi 412 km Flint 238 mi 383 km Durand 208 mi 335 km East Lansing Wolverine to Pontiac 160 mi 257 km Battle Creek 138 mi 222 km Kalamazoo 102 mi 164 km Dowagiac 89 mi 143 km Niles 62 mi 100 km New Buffalo MI IN Pere Marquette to Grand Rapids IN IL 0 mi 0 km Chicago Borealis, Empire Builder, and Hiawatha All stations are accessible Show route diagram map

The Blue Water (previously the Blue Water Limited) is a higher-speed passenger train service operated by Amtrak as part of its Michigan Services. The 319-mile (513 km) route runs from Chicago, Illinois, to Port Huron in Michigan's Blue Water Area, for which the train is named. Major stops are in Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, East Lansing, and Flint.

Amtrak began running the Blue Water in 1974^[3] over the Grand Trunk Western Railroad. In 1982 the train was extended from Port Huron to Toronto, Canada, and renamed the International Limited. Service was cut back to the original route in 2004 with the Blue Water name restored.^[3]

The Lansing area, home of the Michigan state capitol and Michigan State University, was left out of Amtrak's original system. Beginning in 1973, Amtrak and the state discussed restoring service over the Grand Trunk Western Railway within the state, although the new route would join Amtrak's other Michigan trains on the Penn Central west of Battle Creek, Michigan, eschewing the Grand Trunk's traditional route to Chicago. New stations were built in Port Huron and East Lansing, and the state spent $1 million on track rehabilitation (equivalent to $6.18 million in 2023 adjusted for inflation). Service began September 13, 1974, between Chicago and Port Huron, with the intention of eventually restoring the Port Huron–Toronto leg.^{[4]: 204–204 [5][6]}

Amtrak renamed the train the Blue Water Limited on October 26, 1975, and re-equipped it with French-built Turboliner trainsets on May 20, 1976. The new Turboliners were capable of, but never reached, 125 mph (201 km/h) and ran with fixed five-car consists with an overall capacity of 292 passengers. The Turboliners were withdrawn on October 25, 1981, replaced by conventional locomotives pulling Amfleet coaches.^{[4]: 204, 208}

The long-discussed extension to Toronto finally occurred on October 31, 1982. The extended service received the name International Limited, the name of an old Canadian National/Grand Trunk Chicago–Port Huron–Montreal train (1900–1907, 1919–1971). Amtrak and Via Rail, the independent Canadian Crown corporation rail company, jointly operated the International Limited (later just International) until April 25, 2004, when cross-border service was discontinued. Massive border delays post-September 11 led to falling ridership; Amtrak and Michigan agreed to truncate service at Port Huron and bring back the old Blue Water.^[4]: 207 On the Canadian side service ends at Sarnia as part of the Via Rail's Corridor route.

With a more favorable intrastate schedule and fewer delays, the Blue Water's ridership showed immediate improvements, carrying 94,378 passengers in fiscal year 2004 (compared to 80,890 in FY 2003).^[4]: 208 Blue Water ridership in FY 2011 totaled 187,065, an increase of 18.0 percent from FY 2010's total of 157,709, and the highest total ever recorded by the train.^[7] During FY 2011, the train had a total revenue of $5.8 million, a 22.3 percent increase from FY 2010's total of $4.7 million.^[7]

The Detroit–Chicago corridor has been designated by the Federal Railroad Administration as a high-speed rail corridor.^[8] A 97-mile (156 km) stretch along the route of Blue Water from Porter, Indiana to Kalamazoo, Michigan is the longest segment of track owned by Amtrak outside of the Northeast Corridor.^[8] Amtrak began speed increases along this stretch in January 2002. Ultimately, speed increased to 110 mph (180 km/h).^[8][9]

The Blue Water operates over Norfolk Southern Railway, Amtrak, and Grand Trunk Western Railroad trackage:

• NS Chicago Line, Chicago to Porter, Indiana
• Amtrak Chicago–Detroit Line, Porter, Indiana, to Kalamazoo, Michigan
• MDOT Michigan Line, Kalamazoo, Michigan, to Battle Creek, Michigan^[10]
• CN/GTW Flint Subdivision, Battle Creek, Michigan, to Port Huron, Michigan

State	Town/City	Station	Connections
Illinois	Chicago	Chicago	Amtrak (long-distance): California Zephyr, Cardinal, City of New Orleans, Empire Builder, Floridian, Lake Shore Limited, Southwest Chief, Texas Eagle Amtrak (intercity): Borealis, Hiawatha, Illini and Saluki, Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg, Lincoln Service, Pere Marquette, Wolverine Metra: ■ BNSF, ■ Milwaukee District North, ■ Milwaukee District West, ■ North Central Service, ■ Heritage Corridor, ■ SouthWest Service Chicago "L": Blue (at Clinton), Brown Orange Pink Purple (at Quincy) CTA Bus, Pace Bus Megabus
Michigan	New Buffalo	New Buffalo	Amtrak: Wolverine Berrien Bus
	Niles	Niles	Amtrak: Wolverine Niles Dial-A-Ride (DART)
	Dowagiac	Dowagiac	Amtrak: Wolverine Dowagiac Dial-A-Ride (DART)
	Kalamazoo	Kalamazoo	Amtrak: Wolverine Metro Transit Intercity bus: Greyhound, Indian Trails
	Battle Creek	Battle Creek	Amtrak: Wolverine, Amtrak Thruway Battle Creek Transit Greyhound
	East Lansing	East Lansing	Amtrak: Amtrak Thruway Capital Area Transportation Authority Intercity bus: Greyhound, Indian Trails
	Durand	Durand	Shiawassee Area Transportation Agency
	Flint	Flint	Amtrak: Amtrak Thruway MTA Bus Intercity bus: Greyhound, Indian Trails
	Lapeer	Lapeer	Greater Lapeer Transportation Authority (GLTA)
	Port Huron	Port Huron	Blue Water Area Transit

A typical Amtrak Blue Water consists of:^[11]

• 2 GE Genesis P40DC/P42DC or Siemens SC-44 Charger locomotives
• Five or six Horizon Fleet or Amfleet I coaches
• One or two Horizon Fleet or Amfleet I cafe/business cars

• Michigan Services – Amtrak
• Michigan Association of Railroad Passengers
• 1978 Blue Water Limited Route Guide