Blood money (restitution)
Blood money, also called bloodwit, is money or some sort of compensation paid by an offender, usually a murderer, or their family group, to the family or kin group of the victim.[1]
Particular examples and uses
Blood money is, colloquially, the reward for bringing a criminal to justice. A common meaning in other contexts is the money-penalty paid by a murderer to the kinsfolk of the victim. These fines completely protect the offender, or the kinsfolk thereof, from the vengeance of the injured family. The weregild compensation system was common among Germanic peoples as part of Ancient Germanic law, before the introduction of Christianity.[2]
A scale of payments, graduated according to the heinousness of the crime, was fixed by laws, which further settled who could exact the blood-money, and who were entitled to share it. Homicide was not the only crime expiable: blood-money could be exacted for most crimes of violence. Some acts, such as killing someone in a church or while asleep, or within the precincts of the royal palace, and corporal infamy[3] (rape) were "bot-less". The death penalty was inflicted instead. Such a criminal was outlawed, and could be killed on sight or thrown into a bog in case of rape, according to Tacitus.[2]
In Islam
In Islamic terms, Qisas can in some cases result in blood money being paid out to the family of victims. The amount varies from country to country and from case to case.[citation needed]
In Judaism
As a person's life is considered as being the property of God, Judaism forbids the taking of blood-money for the life of a murdered victim.[4]
In Japan
In Japanese culture it is common to give blood money, or mimaikin, to a victim's family. Such was the case with Lucie Blackman's father, who accepted £450,000 as blood money for the murder of his daughter.[5]
In Korea
Under the Korean legal system, it is common for those accused of both minor (such as defamation) and serious crimes to offer blood money (habuigeum, 합의금(合意金)) to the victim. If accepted, then the perpetrator is usually excused from further punishment. Despite being common practice, its use in high-profile cases sometimes results in protests.[6]
Other meanings or uses
In Christianity
In the Christian Bible, the term is used to refer to the thirty pieces of silver Judas Iscariot received, in exchange for revealing the identity of Jesus Christ to the forces sent by the Pharisees and/or the Sanhedrin. After the crucifixion of Christ, Judas returned the payment to the chief priests, who "took the silver pieces and said, 'It is not lawful to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood.'"[7]
In shipping
"Shanghaiing" was the practice of the forced conscription of sailors. Boarding masters, whose job it was to find crews for ships, were paid "by the body," and thus had a strong incentive to place as many seamen on ships as possible.[8][9] This pay was called blood money.[10]
See also
References
- ^ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "blood money | sociology | Britannica.com". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Blood-Money". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 85.
- ^ ignavos et imbelles at corpore infames. Gordon translates corpore infames as "unnatural prostitutes", another interpretation is "corporal infamation" (sodomy). Thus Tacitus may refer to rape, even though scholars have speculated that "corporal infamation" could refer to the catholic view of male homosexuality. See David F. Greenberg, The construction of homosexuality, p. 242 f. Consequently some scholars have speculated that the later Germanic concept of Old Norse argr, Langobardic arga, may combine the meanings "effeminate, cowardly, homosexual", see Jaan Puhvel, 'Who were the Hittite hurkilas pesnes?' in: A. Etter (eds.), O-o-pe-ro-si (FS Risch), Walter de Gruyter, 1986, p.154.
- ^ Gottheil, Richard; Amram, David Werner. "Blood Money". Jewish Encyclopedia.
- ^ "Lucie's father 'helped killer by accepting blood money'". This is London Magazine Ltd. 2007-04-20. Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ Son Jun-hyun [1], "The Hankyoreh", November 30, 2010.
- ^ Matthew 27:6
- ^ Hope, Ronald (2001). Poor Jack: The Perilous History of the Merchant Seaman. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-86176-161-9.
- ^ "The Lookout of the Labor Movement" (PDF). Sailors Union of the Pacific. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-05-12. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
- ^ Georgia Smith (1988). "About That Blood in the Scuppers". Reclaiming San Francisco: History Politics and Culture, a City Lights Anthology. City Lights. Archived from the original on 2006-10-11. Retrieved 2007-04-03.
