Blea Moor Tunnel
 The southern portal of Blea Moor Tunnel | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Line | Settle to Carlisle Line |
| Location | Cumbria |
| Coordinates | 54°14′24.72″N 2°21′29.88″W / 54.2402000°N 2.3583000°W |
| Start | 1872 |
| End | 1875 |
| Operation | |
| Owner | Network Rail |
| Technical | |
| Length | 2,629 yards (2,404 m) |
Blea Moor Tunnel is a (1.494 mi, 2.404 km) railway tunnel located between Ribblehead Viaduct and Dent railway station in England. It is the longest tunnel on the Settle-Carlisle Line, being almost twice as long as the second longest tunnel, Rise Hill Tunnel.[1]
History
Built by the Midland Railway, it took more than four years to complete. Construction started in 1872, with dynamite transported from Carlisle and Newcastle in carts to the construction site. The wages on offer to the miners who dug the tunnel were 5s (equivalent to £28.19 in 2023) to 5s 6d (equivalent to £30.56 in 2023)[2] per day.[3]
It was completed in 1875 at a cost of £109,000[4] (equivalent to £12,950,000 in 2023).[2]
It passes some 500 feet below the moor after which it was named, and was built with the aid of seven separate construction shafts sunk from the moor above. This permitted sixteen separate gangs of workers to be used during construction (one from each open end and two from the foot of each of the shafts).[5] Four of these were subsequently filled in but three were retained for ventilation purposes and are still used as such today (with occasional ice accumulation problems[6]). At one point of the track's history, steam locomotives were tested for their worthiness by driving them through this tunnel.[7]
The line from the south enters the tunnel on a rising 1% (1 in 100) gradient (the "Long Drag" beginning back at Settle Junction), but an initial summit is reached at the 1100 ft contour just under half a mile from the southern portal. From there, the rest of the tunnel is on a shallow descending gradient of 1 in 440 towards Dent Head.
In April 1952 a passenger train derailed shortly after exiting the tunnel due to a broken brake rod on the locomotive tender fouling the points. The use of rolling stock with Buckeye couplings and welded underframes was praised in preventing telescoping of the coaches and thus there were no deaths.[8]
Traffic
Any train that goes the full length of the Settle & Carlisle line goes through the Blea Moor Tunnel. This includes passenger trains, all run by Northern (eight each way per day in the 2023-24 timetable),[9] various special excursions (some hauled by steam locomotives) and the many goods trains. A short distance south of the tunnel is Blea Moor Sidings signal box, which supervises the line through the tunnel and also over the adjacent Ribblehead viaduct.
Train simulators
You can go through the Blea Moor Tunnel either with Microsoft Train Simulator, Trainz Classics 3 or Train Simulator Classic.
Location
- Southern portal: 54°13′55″N 2°22′02″W / 54.2319°N 2.3673°W
- Northern portal: 54°14′59″N 2°20′47″W / 54.2497°N 2.3465°W
References
- ^ Garrat, Colin; Matthews, Max-Wade (2003), Illustrated Encyclopedia of Steam And Rail, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, ISBN 0-7607-4952-3
- ^ a b UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Midland Railway. Settle to Carlisle. Contract No. 1". Knaresborough Post. England. 4 May 1872. Retrieved 5 November 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Midland New Line from Settle to Carlisle". Sheffield Daily Telegraph. England. 27 April 1876. Retrieved 5 November 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Houghton, F. W.; Foster, W. H. (1965). The Story of the Settle-Carlisle Line (2nd ed.). Huddersfield: Advertiser Press Ltd. p. 30.
- ^ "Ice to see you, to see you, ice!". 13 January 2010.
- ^ Microsoft Train Simulator Information Booklet.
- ^ "Report on the Derailment which occurred on 18th April 1952 at Blea Moor between Dent and Ribblehead on the London Midland Region British Railways". 20 October 1952.
- ^ Table 35 National Rail timetable, December 2023