Battle Monument

	Battle Monument
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	Baltimore City Landmark
	Battle Monument, Baltimore, October 2011
Location	Calvert St. between Fayette and Lexington Sts., Baltimore, Maryland
Coordinates	39°17′26.5″N 76°36′44.7″W / 39.290694°N 76.612417°W
Area	1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built	1815
Architect	Godefroy, J. Maximillian M.; Capellano, Antonio (crowning statue sculpture)
NRHP reference No.	73002181
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 4, 1973
Designated BCL	1975

The Battle Monument, located in Battle Monument Square on North Calvert Street between East Fayette and East Lexington Streets in Baltimore, Maryland, commemorates the Battle of Baltimore, with the British fleet of the Royal Navy's bombardment of Fort McHenry, the Battle of North Point, southeast of the city in Baltimore County on the Patapsco Neck peninsula, and the stand-off on the eastern siege fortifications along Loudenschlager and Potter's Hills, later called Hampstead Hill, in what is now Patterson Park since 1827, east of town.

It honors those who died in September 1814, during the War of 1812. The monument lies in the middle of the street and is between the two Baltimore City Circuit Courthouses that are located on the opposite sides of North Calvert Street. It was sponsored by the City and the "Committee of Vigilance and Safety" led by Mayor Edward Johnson and military commanders: Brig. Gen. John Stricker, Maj. Gen. Samuel Smith and Lt. Col. George Armistead (of Fort McHenry).

Construction

The site of the former first Baltimore County and Town/City Courthouse, torn down in 1809, was originally designated as the location for the newly planned Washington Monument. Designed by Robert Mills (1781–1855), the cornerstone of the Washington Monument for Baltimore had just been laid on Independence Day, July 4, 1815. Fears that the designed shaft of the column would be too tall for the smaller open space of the old Courthouse Square, and might fall over onto nearby close-in townhouses, caused a last-minute change in location.^[2] The monument site for the nation's first president was moved further north of the city into "Howard's Woods" of the "Belvindere" estate of Col. John Eager Howard (1752–1827).

The monument was built in 1815–25, and is 39 feet (11.9 m) tall. It was designed by Baltimore architect J. Maximilian M. Godefroy, sculptor to the Court of Spain. The base of the monument is an Egyptian Revival cenotaph. It is an unusually democratic monument for the time in that it records the names of all who died, regardless of rank.^[4] The eighteen layers of the marble base represent the eighteen states that made up the United States at the time of the war. A griffin is at each corner of the base. The column, carved as a Roman fasces, is bound with cords listing the names of soldiers who died during the battle, while the names of officers who died are at the top.^[5]

Female statue

The monument is topped by an 8 feet tall 2,750 pound Carrara marble statue by Antonio Capellano, of a female figure representing the City of Baltimore wearing a crown of victory, holding a laurel wreath in one hand and a ship's rudder in the other. It was hoisted to the top of the column during the middle of the period of construction on the eighth anniversary ceremonies, Defenders Day, September 12, 1822.^[4]

Colloquially called Lady Baltimore, the statue was relocated to the Maryland Historical Society on October 5, 2013, in order to preserve it from further damage caused by time and nature. It was replaced by a concrete replica.^[6] The monument is the oldest stone monument and first public war memorial in the United States.^[7]

Seal of Baltimore

The monument is depicted on the seal of the City of Baltimore that was adopted in 1827 and the city's flag adopted in the early 20th century.

Seal of the City of Baltimore with the Column.
Baltimore City's flag with the column.

Depictions in film

The monument is erroneously depicted as being in Washington, D.C. in the 2007 film Live Free or Die Hard starring Bruce Willis, which had numerous scenes actually filmed in downtown Baltimore.

Inclusion in heritage registries

The Battle Monument was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 4, 1973.^[1] It is contained within the Business and Government Historic District and is within the Baltimore National Heritage Area.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b "National Register Information System – (#73002181)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ Laura Rich. Maryland History In Prints 1743-1900. p. 46.
^ Tom (2015-10-12). "Incredible 1846 Photo of Battle Monument". Ghosts of Baltimore. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
^ ^a ^b Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., Guide to Baltimore Architecture (1997) p. 145-146. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland ISBN 0-87033-477-8
^ Joyce Mcclay and Catharine Black (September 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Battle Monument" (PDF). Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
^ Walker, Andrea K. "Lady Baltimore moves into its new home," The Baltimore Sun, Saturday, October 5, 2013.
^ "Projects".
^ "Baltimore National Heritage Area Map" (PDF). City of Baltimore. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2012.

External links

Battle Monument, Baltimore, including photo in 1985, at Maryland Historical Trust website
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. MD-1126, "Monument Square, North Calvert Street between Fayette & Lexington Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD", 12 photos, 3 color transparencies, 29 data pages, 2 photo caption pages
HABS No. MD-185, "Battle Monument, Calvert Street, Baltimore, Independent City, MD", 5 photos, 12 data pages
Battle Monument at Explore Baltimore Heritage
Battle Monument: On Monument City
Incredible 1846 Photo of Battle Monument - Ghosts of Baltimore blog

[nris-1] "National Register Information System – (#73002181)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.

[2] Laura Rich. Maryland History In Prints 1743-1900. p. 46.

[3] Tom (2015-10-12). "Incredible 1846 Photo of Battle Monument". Ghosts of Baltimore. Retrieved 2019-02-24.

[dorsey-4] Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., Guide to Baltimore Architecture (1997) p. 145-146. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland ISBN 0-87033-477-8

[mht_ihp-5] Joyce Mcclay and Catharine Black (September 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Battle Monument" (PDF). Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved 2016-03-01.

[6] Walker, Andrea K. "Lady Baltimore moves into its new home," The Baltimore Sun, Saturday, October 5, 2013.

[7] "Projects".

[balto1-8] "Baltimore National Heritage Area Map" (PDF). City of Baltimore. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2012.

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U.S. National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
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Category:National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Portal:National Register of Historic Places

Streets in Baltimore
North–south	Annapolis Road Art Museum Drive Bellona Avenue Broadway Calvert Street Carey Street Cathedral Street Caton Avenue Central Avenue Charles Street Cooks Lane Druid Hill Avenue Eutaw Street Falls Road Fallsway Fulton Avenue Garrison Boulevard Gay Street Greene Street Greenmount Avenue Greene Street Greenspring Avenue Guilford Avenue Greenmount Avenue Hanover Street Harford Road Hawkins Point Road Hillen Road Hilton Street/Hilton Parkway Highland Avenue Howard Street Key Highway Liberty Heights Avenue Light Street Loch Raven Boulevard Madison Street Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard Maryland Avenue McCulloh Street Old Harford Road Paca Street Park Heights Avenue Paca Street Park Avenue Pennington Avenue Pennsylvania Avenue Perring Parkway Reisterstown Road Roland Avenue Russell Street St. Paul Street South Street The Alameda University Parkway Wabash Avenue Washington Street Washington Boulevard York Road
East–west	25th Street 28th Street 33rd Street 36th Street 41st Street Aliceanna Street Baltimore Street Biddle Street Boston Street Broening Highway Centre Street Chase Street Church Street Coldspring Lane–Moravia Road Conway Street Cross Country Boulevard Eager Street Eastern Avenue Erdman Avenue Fayette Street Fleet Street Forest Park Avenue Fort Avenue Franklin Street Frederick Avenue Gwynns Falls Parkway Lexington Street Lombard Street Monument Street Mt. Royal Avenue Mulberry Street North Avenue Northern Parkway Orleans Street Patapsco Avenue Pratt Street Preston Street Saratoga Street Sinclair Lane Smith Avenue Swann Drive Waterview Avenue Wilkens Avenue
Circles & squares	Battle Monument Square Franklin Square Johnston Square Lafayette Square McKeldin Square Mount Vernon Place National Katyń Memorial Circle Park Circle Saint Paul Place Union Square Walbrook Junction Washington Monument Circle War Memorial Plaza Wilkens Avenue Circle
Expressways	Baltimore Beltway (I-695) Baltimore–Washington Parkway Cal Ripken Way (I-395) Harbor Tunnel Thruway (I-895) Interstate 95 Jones Falls Expressway (I-83)

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