Cinnamon
Sandalwood
Myrrh
Frankincense
Bark isolates are chemicals which have been extracted from bark . Prominent medical examples are salicylic acid (active metabolite of aspirin ) and paclitaxel (Taxol ). The pharmacology of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research.
Isolate
Bark source
Researched activity
Paclitaxel , taxanes
Taxus
chemotherapeutic
Paeonol
Paeonia suffruticosa [ 1]
various
Honokiol , 4-O-methylhonokiol , magnolol , obovatol
Magnolia
neurotrophic & anti-inflammatory
Salicylic acid
Salix alba
antipyretic , analgesic
Yohimbine , corynanthine , ajmalicine , rauwolscine
west African evergreen
MAOI , stimulant
beta-carbolines , harmala alkaloids
numerous
MAOI
Cinnamon , camphor , cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamomum
blood sugar stabilizer, antioxidant
Quinine , quinidine , cinchonidine , cinchonine
Cinchona
antipyretic, analgesic, antimalarial
Safrole
Sassafras
Huáng bǎi
Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense )
TCM
Strictamine
Alstonia scholaris
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra )
demulcent
Geniposidic acid
Eucommia ulmoides
N-methyltryptamine , serotonin analogs
numerous species from Brazil, Mexico , Taiwan
serotonin agonist , neuroimmunologic modulator
Quassin
Quassia amara
various
Celastrol
Tripterygium wilfordii [ 2]
various
Mitraphylline
Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa )
anti-inflammatory
Ellagic acid , rutin , gallic acid , ethyl gallate [ 3]
Ailanthus altissima
various
Coronaridine , voacangine , ibogamine , ibogaine , tabernanthine
Voacanga africana , Tabernanthe iboga
neuroimmunologic modulator
Lapachol , quercetin
Pau D'Arco (Handroanthus impetiginosus )
therapeutic naphthoquinone
Icariin
Eucommia
PDE5 inhibitor
Baicalin
Oroxylum indicum
prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor
Frankincense , incensole
Boswellia sacra , Boswellia
incensole is a TRPV3 agonist
QS21
Quillaja saponaria (soap bark tree)
potential immunologic adjuvant
Sandalwood oil , α-Santalol , β-Santalol
Sandalwood (Santalum )
Ayurvedic component
Bergenin , α-viniferin , ε-viniferin , diptoindonesin A
Bergenia ligulata , Dryobalanops aromatica , Mallotus japonicus
component of Ayurvedic medicine "Paashaanbhed"
Phenolic lactones
Caesalpinia paraguariensis
component of Bolivian traditional medicine
Erythravine
Erythrina mulungu
Brazilian medicinal plant
Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory compounds
Psidium guajava (Guava tree)
component of traditional medicine
Perfume resin
Agarwood / Oud Wood
aromatherapy
Opopanax , balsam , bdellium , bisabol
Myrrh (Commiphora )
component of Eastern-Mediterranean, Middle-Eastern, and North-African, traditional medicine
Rotenoids , piscidone
Jamaican dogwood (Piscidia piscipula )
component of Caribbean traditional medicine
See also
Notes
^ Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, et al. (2014). "Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2" . Phytomedicine . 21 (7): 984–91. doi :10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.012 . PMID 24680370 .
^ Yang H, Chen D, Cui QC, Yuan X, Dou QP (2006). "Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice" . Cancer Res . 66 (9): 4758–65. doi :10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4529 . PMID 16651429 .
^ Lou KQ, Tang WZ, Wang XJ (2012). "[Study on chemical constituents from flowers of Ailanthus altissima]" . Zhong Yao Cai . 35 (10): 1605–7. PMID 23627124 .