Barbosa (sometimes Barbossa) is a Portuguese and later also Southern^[1] Galician surname. It may refer to:

• Adoniran Barbosa (a.k.a. João Rubinato, 1910–1982), Brazilian singer and composer
• Agostinho Barbosa (1589–1649), Portuguese writer on canon law
• Alexandrina Barbosa (born 1986), Portuguese professional handball player
• Almir Barbosa (born 1980), Cape Verdean professional footballer
• Anderson Barbosa (born 1974), Brazilian professional footballer
• Anggisu Barbosa (born 1993), Indonesian professional footballer
• António Barbosa (born 1931), Portuguese footballer
• Arthur Barbosa (1908-1995), British illustrator
• Bárbara Micheline do Monte Barbosa, Brazilian soccer player/goalkeeper
• Bruno da Silva Barbosa (born 1988), Brazilian professional footballer
• Cândido Barbosa (born 1974), Portuguese professional race car driver
• Cédric Barbosa (born 1976), French professional footballer
• César Barbosa (born 1954), Colombian biologist
• Chris Barbosa (born ?), American music producer
• Cristiano Borro Barbosa (born 1976), Brazilian-born priest, bishop elect of Boston
• Daniel Camargo Barbosa (1930–1994), prolific Colombian serial killer and rapist
• Dario Barbosa (1882–1965), Brazilian Olympic sport shooter
• Dario Villares Barbosa (1880–1952), Brazilian painter
• Diego Barbosa (born 1996), Mexican professional footballer
• Domingos Caldas Barbosa (c. 1739–1800), Brazilian poet and musician
• Duarte Barbosa (c. late 15th century–1521), Portuguese writer and explorer
• Euclydes Barbosa (a.k.a. Jaú, 1909–1988), Brazilian professional footballer
• Everaldo Barbosa (born 1975), Brazilian professional footballer
• Frederico Barbosa (born 1961), Brazilian poet
• Gabriel Barbosa (born 1996), Brazilian professional footballer
• Givaldo Barbosa (born 1954), Brazilian professional tennis player
• Hélder Barbosa (born 1987), Portuguese professional footballer
• Henrique Barbosa (born 1984), Brazilian Olympic swimmer
• Jade Barbosa (born 1991), Brazilian Olympic gymnast
• João Barbosa (born 1975), Portuguese professional race car driver
• João Tamagnini Barbosa (1883–1948), Portuguese army brigadier and politician
• Joaquim Barbosa (born 1953), Brazilian justice minister
• Jorge Barbosa (1902–1971), Cape Verdean poet and writer
• José Barbosa (1929–2015), Puerto Rican Olympic pole vaulter
• José Celso Barbosa (1857–1921), Puerto Rican physician, sociologist, and politician
• José Luíz Barbosa (a.k.a. Zequinha Barbosa, born 1961), Brazilian Olympic athlete
• José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823–1907), Portuguese zoologist and politician
• Leandro Barbosa (born 1982), Brazilian professional basketball player
• Luciano Barbosa (born 1976), Brazilian professional squash player
• Luis Barbosa (born 1953), Colombian Olympic runner
• Lula Barbosa (born 1970), Brazilian professional beach volleyball player
• Madalena Barbosa
• Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage (1765–1805), Portuguese poet
• Marcelo Barbosa (born 1975), Brazilian guitar player and music professor
• Marcia Barbosa, Brazilian physicist
• Mariano Barbosa (born 1984), Argentine professional footballer
• Moacir Barbosa Nascimento (1921–2000), Brazilian professional footballer (goalkeeper)
• Nélia Barbosa (born 1998), French paracanoeist
• Octávio Barbosa (1907–1997), Brazilian geologist
• Pablo Barbosa (1815–c. 1900), Mexican benefactor, farmer, cattle rancher, and landowner
• Palmira Barbosa (born 1961), Angolan Olympic athlete
• Pedro Barbosa (born 1970), Portuguese professional footballer
• Pedro Barbosa (jurist) (1530/35–1606), Portuguese jurist
• Pilar Barbosa (de Rosario) (1898–1997), Puerto Rican educator, historian and political activist
• Rivaldo Barbosa (chief of police), Brazilian chief of police
• Roberto Firmino Barbosa de Oliveira (born 1991), Brazilian footballer
• Rodrigo Barbosa (born 1988), Brazilian professional race car driver
• Rui Barbosa (a.k.a. Ruy Barbosa, 1849–1923), Brazilian writer, jurist, and politician
• Timotea Barbosa (a.k.a. Doña Timo, 1860–1930), Mexican benefactor
• Vera Barbosa (born 1989), Portuguese Olympic track and field athlete
• William da Silva Barbosa (born 1978), Brazilian professional footballer
• Willian Xavier Barbosa (born 1983), Brazilian professional footballer

• Wesley So's maternal family name under Philippine name conventions is "Barbossa", i.e. "Barbossa" is the maiden name of So's biological mother.

• Hector Barbossa, a fictional character from Pirates of the Caribbean

• Barboza
• Barbarossa (disambiguation)