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Azriel Zelig Hausdorf

Rabbi
Azriel Zelig Hausdorf
עזריאל זליג הויזדורף
Born1826
Mysłowice,  East Prussia
Died1905(1905-00-00) (aged 78–79)
Jerusalem,  Ottoman Empire
OrganizationKollel Hod
SpouseHana Lipsha Minsker
RelativesNatasha Hausdorff

Rabbi Azriel Zelig Hausdorf (Hebrew: עזריאל זליג הויזדורף) (1826 – 1905)[1] was an East Prussian philanthropist and doctor who worked with the Kollel Hod to build shelters in Jerusalem for Jewish immigrants.

Early life

Hausdorf was born in 1826 to Moshe Hausdorf in the city of Mislovitz in East Prussia (now Poland).[2] Due to his place of birth, he was sometimes called "Rabbi Zelig Deutsch" (Rabbi Zelig the German). He studied in the local Yeshiva of Rabbi Pinchas Hamburger, while concurrently receiving a secular education. In 1846, he immigrated to Jerusalem via boat over the Mediterranean. During the trip, due to unstable weather, the boat was at risk of capsizing, so the captain of the ship asked Hausdorf to pray for the boat like Jonah the prophet. He settled in the city and married Hana Lipsha Minsker, daughter of Rabbi Zvi of Vilna.[3]

Career

The southern building of the Batei Mahse, 1930s
Diskin Orphanage, 1927
Misgav Ladach, 1915

Although in the beginning Hausdorf received aid from the Kollel Hod, he later became one of the leaders of the organization.[4] He worked as an interpreter at the Austrian embassy in Jerusalem. He was one of the initiators of the 'shelter and hospitality' project established by his Kollel in the Old City of Jerusalem. To raise money to build shelters he went to Europe in 1858 and collected donations from Jews who wanted to support settlement in Ottoman Palestine.[5][6][7] One of these shelters included the Batei Mahse.[8]

In the summer of 1876, there was a pestilence of locusts in Palestine, as well as a drought, so Hausdorf supported the community by working with the Yehuda and Israel Society, established by Rabbi Chaim Tzvi Schneerson, with the goal of storing grain to ensure food security for the poor in Jerusalem for the coming winter. During the cholera epidemic in Jerusalem, he also helped to buy flour to distribute to the poor. He also volunteered for the Diskin Orphanage in the Old City.[9]

Hausdorf was an important voice in the construction of the Misgav Ladach hospital built by the Rothschild family in Jerusalem, and was appointed overseer of the hospital's finances. Before its construction, the initial plan was to build it in Tiberias, and in 1865, he visited the city for that purpose. He also helped Charles Netter in his quest to purchase land for the Mikveh Israel youth village and boarding school.[3]

He was one of the chief organizers for many receptions held on behalf of Jews for distinguished guests who came to Jerusalem, such as Moses Montefiore, Baron Edmond James de Rothschild, Rudolf of Austria, and Emperor Franz Joseph.[3] Emperor Wilhelm II even gifted him a gold medal, the Knight's Medal of the Prussian Kingdom, as Hausdorf was authorized by the Prussian embassy to act as a defense attorney for a Jew in a criminal trial. They wrote on 14 April 1866 to his superiors:

There are no editors in Jerusalem law, and it is impossible to find a suitable person who meets the requirements of Prussian law as a defense attorney, so [Wilhelm] asks the authority to appoint someone as defense council for trials involving a leader of the Jewish community, who represents them and will interpret their requests. [10]

For multiple years, he was reelected to his position. Throughout his career, he also helped protect Jews from proselytization from Christian missionaries and forces who were disapproving of Jewish practices in Palestine.[11]

Family

Rabbi Hausdorf had a total of 13 children, but only 3 survived into adulthood:

  • His son Mordechai Shlomo was among the founders of Petah Tikva and Hausdorf provided the colony funding.
  • His other son, Rabbi Chaim Eliezer, was a pharmacist and authored multiple books, including one about his father.
  • His daughter Friedel was the wife of Rabbi Tuvia Aryeh Goldberger, a member of the Kollel Shomrei HaChomos.

He is a paternal ancestor of Natasha Hausdorff, a British barrister, international law commentator, and Israel advocate.[12]

The municipality of Jerusalem named a street after him (Azriel Street) in the Givat Shaul neighborhood. He is buried at the Mount of Olives.[13]

Sources

References

  1. ^ Gale Research Company; Detroit, Michigan; Accession Number: 529393
  2. ^ "Hausdorf, Azriel Zelig". www.encyclopedia.com. OCLC 405663034. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
  3. ^ a b c Tidhar, David (1952). אנציקלופדיה לחלוצי היישוב ובוניו [Encyclopedia of the Pioneers of the Yishuv and its Builders] (in Hebrew). Vol. V. p. 2354.
  4. ^ Shilo, Margalit; Shilo, Margalit (2005). Princess or prisoner? Jewish women in Jerusalem, 1840 - 1914. Brandeis series on Jewish women. Hanover: Univ. Press of New England. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-58465-484-1.
  5. ^ "ראו על דבר בנין בתי מחסה לעניים והכנסת אורחים על הר ציון בירושלים". Hamagid (in Hebrew). 11 May 1859.
  6. ^ "עוד הודעה". Hamagid (in Hebrew). 29 Jun 1859.
  7. ^ "Chapter 15. Building Jerusalem", Moses Montefiore, Harvard University Press, 2010-07-15, pp. 320–338, doi:10.4159/9780674056442-018, ISBN 978-0-674-05644-2, retrieved 2023-07-12
  8. ^ "מידע לדרך-בתי מחסה בעיר העתיקה בירושלים". מידע לדרך | מידע למטייל | טיולים לציבור הדתי | מידע לתייר הדתי | טיולים למגזר הדתי | מידע לטיולים בחו"ל (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  9. ^ Klausner 1973, p. 52.
  10. ^ Quote from Cathedra 1998 - files from the archives of the German Consulate in Israel (11) Nefos books (3).
  11. ^ Graievsky, Pinchas (10 Oct 1935). "The War of the Old Settlement in Mission". Davar (in Hebrew). Retrieved 11 Jul 2023.
  12. ^ Karen Glaser (March 2, 2023). "Meet the brilliant barrister battling lies about Israel," The Jewish Chronicle.
  13. ^ "כרטיס קבר: עזריאל זעליג הויזדארף » הר הזיתים, ירושלים". הר הזיתים, ירושלים (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-07-12.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azriel_Zelig_Hausdorf