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Au Sable Light

Au Sable Light
Au Sable Light complex in June 2021
Map
LocationPictured Rocks National Lakeshore on Lake Superior
Coordinates46°40′23″N 86°08′21.6″W / 46.67306°N 86.139333°W / 46.67306; -86.139333
Tower
Constructed1874[1]
FoundationWood pilings
ConstructionBrick, Italianate bracketing
Automated1958
Height87 feet (27 m)[2]
ShapeFrustum of a cone
MarkingsWhite with black lantern
HeritageNational Register of Historic Places listed place, Michigan state historic site Edit this on Wikidata
Light
First lit1874
Focal height107 feet (33 m)[3]
LensThird-order Fresnel lens (original), 12-inch (300 mm) acrylic (current)
Range11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi)[4]
CharacteristicFlashing white every 6 s[4]
Au Sable Light Station
Nearest cityGrand Marais, Michigan
Area5 acres (2.0 ha)
ArchitectCol. Orlando M. Poe
Architectural styleItalianate bracketing
NRHP reference No.78000374[5]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 23, 1978
Designated MSHSSeptember 21, 1976[6]
Undated historic photo of the lighthouse
Distant view of the lighthouse from Grand Sable Dunes

Au Sable Light is an active lighthouse in the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore west of Grand Marais, Michigan off H-58. Until 1910, this aid to navigation was called "Big Sable Light" (not to be confused with Big Sable Point Light[7] near Ludington, Michigan on Lake Michigan or Little Sable Point Light south of Pentwater, Michigan).

History

The Au Sable Light Station was built in 1874[8] on Au Sable Point, a well known hazard on Lake Superior's "shipwreck coast". The Au Sable Point reef is a shallow ridge of sandstone that in places is only 6 feet (1.8 m) below the surface and extends nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) into Lake Superior. The Au Sable Point reef was one of the greatest dangers facing ships coasting along the south shore of Lake Superior during the early shipping days when keeping land in sight was the main navigational method. The Au Sable Point reef was known as a "ship trap" that ensnared many ships, including the passenger ship Lady Elgin which was stranded there in 1859.

The shoreline in this area is considered one of North America's most beautiful, "but in the 1800s it was considered one of the most deadly because of unpredictable features below the surface and violent storms and blinding fogs above."[9] The reef extends nearly a mile out as a ridge of sandstone a few feet below the surface. The shallow water caught many a vessel following the shore. Turbulence was common when the lake was "pushed in by violent storms out of the north and northwest." Thick fogs resulted form the mix of frigid lake air and warmth from the sand dunes. "As early as 1622, French explorers called the region 'most dangerous when there is any storms'."[10]

Additionally, the location was chosen to eliminate a "dark spot" in the 80 miles (130 km) stretch between Granite Island Light and Whitefish Point Light.[11]

The lighthouse tower and attached keepers' quarters were designed by Colonel Orlando Metcalfe Poe. In this capacity he designed eight "Poe style lighthouses" and oversaw construction of several. Poe was named District Engineer for the Eleventh Lighthouse District, Those lights are New Presque Isle Light (1870) on Lake Huron, Lake Michigan's South Manitou Island Light (1872), Grosse Point Light (1873) in Evanston, Illinois, Lake Superior's Au Sable Light (1874), Racine, Wisconsin's Wind Point Light (1880); Outer Island Light (1874) in the Apostle Islands, Little Sable Point Light (1874) on Lake Michigan, Manistique, Michigan's Seul Choix Light (1895) and Spectacle Reef Light.[12]

The tower is a white brick conical tower with a black lantern. A red brick lightkeeper's house stands next to the lighthouse. It originally had a third-order Fresnel lens, which is now on display at the light station.[13] The lighthouse was automated in 1958 and is currently equipped with a 12-inch (300 mm) solar-powered light.

A wooden boathouse was added in 1875; the fog signal building was added in 1897; the keepers' quarters were converted to a duplex in 1909; and the steel oil house was raised in 1915. There is also a second brick Keepers house (1909), a kerosene storage shed (1895), two brick outhouses (1874/1909), a wooden woodshed and boathouse (1875), a brick cistern, and a two vehicle wood frame garage (1954).[14] Most of these buildings are still extant; only one outhouse remains standing.[10][15]

The keeper's house was renovated. A visitor center is on the lower floor and an apartment for volunteer caretakers on the upper floor.[13]

In 1996, the original Third Order Fresnel lens was returned to the tower after 39 years on display at the Pictured Rocks Nautical and Maritime Museum,[16] also known as the Grand Marais Maritime Museum[17] in Grand Marais. However, it is an external 300 mm lens that is operative.[13][18]

The steam whistle and airhorn have been removed. Nevertheless, the "boarded lantern area is an impressive sight."[18]

The lighthouse tower is open to the public in summer. The complex was maintained by the National Park Service, and the automated light continues to be operated by the United States Coast Guard. The National Park Service's stated goal is to continue to maintain the lighthouse complex to its 1909–10 appearance, during its first year of operation as a two-person Lighthouse keeper station.[7]

The Light Station is part of the National Park Service's Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. The Au Sable Light Station is on the National Register of Historic Places, #78000374.[4][7] [18]

To visit this light, take H-58 from the Hurricane River Campground, which is 12 miles (19 km) west of Grand Marais, Michigan. From the Campground the lighthouse is a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) walk on a sand trail.[19][20]

See also

References

  1. ^ Michigan lighthouse fund, Au Sable Light Archived January 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Michiganlighthouse.org.
  2. ^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Tower Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2000.
  3. ^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Focal Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2008.
  4. ^ a b c Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2007. p. 143.
  5. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  6. ^ State of Michigan (2009). "Big Sable Light Station". Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c National Park Service Maritime History Project, Inventory of Historic Light Stations, Au Sable Light.
  8. ^ National Park Service, Historic Structure Report, 1978. Archived January 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Interactive map on Michigan lighthouses. Detroit News.
  10. ^ a b Wobser, David, "Au Sable Point Light" Boatnerd.com. Archived July 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Lighthouse Central, Au Sable Point Lighthouse, The Ultimate Guide to Upper Michigan Lighthouses by Jerry Roach (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC – 2007). ISBN 978-0-9747977-2-4.
  12. ^ Wobser, David, Boatnerd.com, Orlando Poe Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Lighthouse.boatnerd.com.
  13. ^ a b c Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  14. ^ Torres, Louis, Historic Structure Report, Pictured Rocks Au Sable Light Station (November, 1978). Archived January 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Au Sable Light. Michiganlights.com.
  16. ^ Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Grand Marais Light at terrypepper.com
  17. ^ Grand Marais Maritime Museum.
  18. ^ a b c "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017.
  19. ^ Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Au Sable Point Light Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Terrypepper.com.
  20. ^ Anderson, Kraig, Lighthouse Friends, Au Sable Lighthouse Archived August 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Lighthousefriends.com.

Further reading

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au_Sable_Light