Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
Born	(1762-03-20)20 March 1762 Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
Died	23 January 1770(1770-01-23) (aged 7) Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
Names Maria Theresia Elisabeth Philippine Luise Josepha Johanna
House	Habsburg-Lorraine
Father	Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Isabella of Parma

Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (German: Maria Theresia Elisabeth Philippine Luise Josepha Johanna; English: Mary Theresa Elisabeth Philippine Louise Josepha Joan; 20 March 1762 – 23 January 1770) was a daughter of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife, Isabella of Parma. By birth, she was member of the ruling House of Habsburg.

Maria Theresa's parents, Archduke Joseph of Austria and Princess Isabella of Parma, were married in Vienna on 16 October 1760. In late 1761, Isabella became pregnant and on 20 March 1762, she delivered a daughter who was christened Maria Theresia Elisabeth Philippine Louise Josephe Johanna and was styled archduchess of Austria. On her maternal side, Maria Theresa has descended from the first Bourbon king of Spain, Philip V. On her paternal side, she was a granddaughter of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa.

When she was a little over a year old, her mother died a week after giving birth to her only sibling, Archduchess Marie Christine, who died a few moments after being born. Her father was inconsolable and found refuge in his infant daughter, whom he referred to as his "second self". Maria Theresa was also close to her youngest paternal aunt, Archduchess Maria Antonia, just seven years her senior. She was also Empress Maria Theresa's first grandchild.

Just a few months short of her eighth birthday, Archduchess Maria Theresa became ill with pleurisy. Her father, by that time Holy Roman Emperor, did everything in his power to save her and attended her bedside even at night. Archduchess Maria Theresa died on 23 January 1770 from a very high fever.^[1] Her father was heartbroken. When Imperial Majordomo, Prince Johann Joseph von Khevenhüller-Metsch had to disturb Joseph in order to make the arrangements for the funeral, the emperor, with tears in his eyes, told him 'he had lost, so to speak, his only consolation and pleasure'.

Below are excerpts from a letter from Joseph to his daughter's Belgian born governess, Countess Christine-Philippine-Élisabeth de Trazegnies, Marquise de Herzelles, written by him just a few hours after Maria Theresa's death;

The death of his only and much-idolized daughter confirmed Joseph in his growing misanthropy, and finished the job of making him a compulsive worker.

The young Archduchess was the second of Maria Theresa's grandchildren to die, after her younger sister. It is said that, even after her death, her father kept her dresses and shoes.^[2] She was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. Her tomb consists of an effigy that represents the young Archduchess sleeping on a bed, covered by a blanket, with her hands towards the sky in sign of prayer and surrounded by the Holy Crown of Hungary and the crown of the Holy Roman Emperor.