Antoun Saad
Antoun Saad أنطون سعد | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1910 Toula el-Jebbi, Qada'a, Zgharta, Lebanon |
| Died | 26 June 1977 |
| Allegiance | Lebanon |
| Service | Lebanese Armed Forces |
| Years of service | 1930–1971 |
| Rank | Commander |
| Battles / wars | |
Antoun Saad (Arabic: أنطون سعد, 1910 - 26 June 1977[1]) was a Lebanese military and intelligence official, known for his tenure as head of the Second Bureau[2][3] from 1958 to 1971[4] coincided with a period of change and unrest in Lebanon.[5] He was influential in shaping the policy direction and operations of the Lebanese intelligence services, following a doctrine of "absolute security".
He developed a close professional relationship with Fouad Chehab, which significantly shaped his career. Despite his success,[6] the legacy of his methods remained controversial, with some linking it to increased tensions that contributed to Lebanon’s Civil War.
Military Career
Saad was active in various military sectors during his service. He joined the Lebanese Army in 1930.[1] He served as commander of the second Sniper Regiment[1] (successor to the Levantine Regiment[clarification needed]) from 1948 to 1950.[1]
Personal life
He was married to Barsita Mikhael Saad (born 1926).[1] Together they had six children: Bassam, retired Brigadier General; Hanna, a Business Engineer; Samir, who died at a young age due to malpractice; Elias, a Civil Engineer, Noha; an Endocrinologist; Rita, who died in her early twenties after losing a battle with brain cancer; and Fouad, an Industrial Engineer.[1]
Retirement
Antoun Saad left the Second Bureau when President Chehab's term of office ended and was appointed commander of the Mount Lebanon Military Region on August 27, 1964, retiring July 1, 1971. He carried many secrets into retirement, and when the Civil War broke out and his asthma worsened, he burned all classified documents. He died on 26 June 1977 at the age of 67.[1]
See also
- Second Bureau (Lebanon)
- Fouad Chehab
- Camille Chamoun
- Lebanon’s Civil War
- 1961 Lebanese coup attempt
- 1958 Lebanon crisis
References
- ^ a b c d e f g ThemeLooks. "أنطون سعد-المخابرات تحكم الدولة". monthlymagazine.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Chapter 2a - "الطريق الى السلطة " للنقيب السابق فؤاد عوض". www.kobayat.org. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "ليلة القبض على القوميين السوريين! هـتـــف الـجـنـــــود مـجـتـمـعـيـــــن: يـعـيـــــش فــــــؤاد شـهــــــاب.. يـعـيــــش لـبـــــنـان! - الأفكار". alafkar.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ نقولا ناصيف. "غابي لحّود آخر الشهابيين الأوائل: ليس ثمّة مهزوم واحد". الاخبار.
- ^ "أنطون سعد الأقوى - Voice of Lebanon - صوت لبنان". Voice of Lebanon - صوت لبنان (in Arabic). Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Limited, Elaph Publishing (24 April 2005). "مخابرات لبنان ما لها وماعليها". Elaph - إيلاف (in Arabic). Retrieved 26 September 2024.
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Bibliography
- ناصيف, نقولا (2006). حاكم في الظل. Lebanon. p. 701.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ناصيف, نقولا (2011). جمهورية فؤاد شهاب. Lebanon. p. 610.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links
- "Lebanon: The "mukhabarat," including their activities, power and organization; whether they have any ties with Syria; how Syria's withdrawal has changed them". Refworld. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- "Lebanon: The "Moukhabarats" in Lebanon, including their activities, power and organization; whether they have any ties with Syria; how Syria's withdrawal has changed them (2005)". Refworld. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- "Lebanon: The "mukhabarat," including their activities, power and organization; whether they have any ties with Syria; how Syria's withdrawal has changed them". Refworld. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- "Lebanese Civil War". Encyclopedia Britannica. 19 July 2020.