Andrea Nahles
Andrea Maria Nahles (born 20 June 1970) is a former German politician who has been the director of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) since 2022.[1]
Nahles is best known for having served as leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from April 2018 until June 2019 and the leader of the SPD in the Bundestag from September 2017 until June 2019. She served as a Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 2013 to 2017 and SPD Youth leader. From 2020 to 2022, she was the president of the Federal Posts and Telecommunications Agency.[2]
Nahles is known within the party for criticising Gerhard Schröder's Agenda 2010. In June 2019, in the aftermath of the SPD's result in the 2019 European elections,[3] she announced her resignation as leader of the SPD and as parliamentary leader of the SPD.[4] For the transition period until a new SPD-leader was elected, Manuela Schwesig, Malu Dreyer and Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel acted as her successors.[5] Nahles left the Bundestag on 31 October 2019.[6]
Early life and education
Born in 1970 in Mendig, Rhineland-Palatinate, to a bricklayer and an office clerk, Nahles grew up in the rural Eifel region in West Germany.[7][8] She finished high school (Abitur) through a continuing education program in 1989. She obtained an MA after studying politics, philosophy and German studies at the University of Bonn for 20 semesters (10 years), during which time she was an assistant to a member of parliament.
In 2004, Nahles began working towards a doctorate in Germanistics. She abandoned her dissertation in 2005 when she returned to the Bundestag. The title of her planned dissertation was "Walter Scott's influence on the development of the historical novel in Germany".
Political career
Party career
In 1988, Nahles joined the SPD at the age of 18. Shortly after, she was the youth representative for the constituency of Mayen-Koblenz. From 1993 to 1995 she was the youth representative for Rhineland-Palatinate. In 1995 she became the national youth representative, following Thomas Westphal, a post she held until 1999. Since 1997 she has been a member of the SPD executive.
In 2000, Nahles was one of the founders of the "Forum Demokratische Linke 21" (Forum of the Democratic Left 21). As leader of the SPD's left wing and former head of party's youth section, she opposed many of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's economic reforms, namely the Agenda 2010.[9] She and others repeatedly criticized the leadership style of the party's chairman Franz Müntefering, saying the party was never consulted over Schröder's decision in May 2005 to call early elections or the decision to join a grand coalition under Merkel that would include the major parties.[10]
As party leaders sought to reconcile the bickering factions in the post-Schröder era, Nahles gained in leverage.[11] On 31 October 2005, she was voted the SPD's general secretary, defeating Kajo Wasserhövel, the favoured man from the conservative side of the party. Wasserhövel's defeat prompted Franz Müntefering to declare that he no longer felt he had the confidence of the party and would step down. As a result, Nahles refused to accept the position of general secretary.
Between 2005 and 2009, Nahles served on the Committee on Labour and Social Affairs. From 2008, she was also a member of the SPD parliamentary group's leadership under chairman Peter Struck.
Ahead of the 2009 elections, German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier included her in his shadow cabinet of 10 women and eight men for the Social Democrats' campaign to unseat incumbent Angela Merkel as chancellor.[12] During the campaign, Nahles served as shadow minister for education and integration policies, being a counterweight to incumbent Annette Schavan.[13]
General Secretary of the SPD, 2009–2013
Nahles was elected as the SPD's secretary general in November 2009 at the party congress held in Dresden.[14][15] She succeeded Hubertus Heil in the position, and worked together with new-elected party leader Sigmar Gabriel. Her appointment was widely seen as a signal the SPD would shift to the left.[16]
In her capacity as secretary general, Nahles oversaw the SPD's electoral campaign in 2013.[11] After the SPD's defeat in the federal elections, she was in charge of organizing a referendum among her party's 472,000 members before signing any coalition treaty with re-elected Chancellor Angela Merkel and her conservative bloc. In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the elections, Nahles was part of the 15-member leadership circle chaired by Merkel, Gabriel and Horst Seehofer.
At a three-day party convention held in Leipzig in November 2013, delegates re-elected Nahles to her post with reduced majority. She received 67.2 percent of members' ballots.[17]
Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, 2013–2017
As Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in Chancellor Angela Merkel's third Cabinet, Nahles has overseen the introduction of a national minimum wage for Germany, guaranteeing workers at least 8.50 euros per hour ($11.75).[18] Merkel had campaigned against a statutory minimum wage in 2013, saying it would threaten Germany's competitive edge and that wage-setting belonged in the hands of companies and employees; however, her party gave ground to the Social Democrats, who made the measure a condition for helping her stay in power for a third term.[19] In early 2015, however, Nahles bowed to pressure from Germany's eastern neighbours, particularly Poland, and suspended controls by state authorities to check whether foreign truck drivers were being paid the minimum wage.[20]
After having campaigned on the promise of early retirement for longtime workers during the elections, Nahles also managed the introduction of an early retirement law in 2014. The move, which – at expected total costs of about 160 billion euros between 2015 and 2030[21] – is likely to be the most expensive single measure of the legislative period,[22] was sharply criticized as Germany grapples with an aging population and a shrinking work force and promotes austerity among its European Union neighbors.[23] In late 2014, Nahles also announced that the combined pension contributions from employers and employees would be cut by a total of 2 billion euros in 2015 due to the high level of reserves.[24]
Following annual negotiations between the Claims Conference and the German government in 2014, Nahles successfully introduced a proposal for extending German pension payments totaling 340 million euros ($461 million) for some 40,000 Holocaust survivors who were used by the Nazis in ghettos as laborers in exchange for food or meager wages. Most Holocaust survivors suffered serious malnutrition during World War II and also lost almost all of their relatives, leaving them with many medical problems and little or no family support network to help them cope.[25]
Following a succession of strikes that disrupted Germany's air and train travel in 2014, Nahles introduced a bill which amended labor laws to allow only one trade union to represent employees of one company in negotiating wage agreements, a move critics say in effect will deprive small unions of their right to strike.[26]
In 2015, Nahles commissioned an in-depth study to establish a definition of work-related stress and calculate its economic cost, leading to speculation that the study could pave the way for an "anti-stress act" as proposed by Germany's metalworkers' union.[27]
In response to rightwing populist assaults on chancellor Angela Merkel's liberal immigration policies, Nahles presented plans in early 2016 to ban EU migrants from most unemployment benefits for five years after their arrival.[28]
Leader of SPD in Bundestag, 2017–2019
After the Social Democrats experienced their worst result in German post-war history in the 2017 elections, their chairman Martin Schulz nominated Nahles to lead the party's group in the German Parliament.[29] She replaced Thomas Oppermann and was the first woman to serve in this role.[30] In the negotiations to form a fourth coalition government under Merkel, Nahles led the working group on social affairs, alongside Barbara Stamm and Karl-Josef Laumann.
In addition to her role as chairwoman, Nahles also joined the Committee on the Election of Judges (Wahlausschuss), which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
Leader of the Social Democratic Party, 2018–2019
Nahles was elected as the first ever female leader of the Social Democratic Party on 22 April 2018 at the party convention in Wiesbaden. She won the election with 414 delegate votes, against her opponent Simone Lange, who received 172 delegate votes, which worked out as 66% to 27% respectively.[31] She succeeds Olaf Scholz who was acting leader for two months after the resignation of Martin Schulz who led the party to their worst election result since 1933. Nahles was the first female leader of the party in its 155-year history. Furthermore, this was the first time ever in German history that the country's two largest parties were led by women, the other being CDU with its leader Angela Merkel.
Nahles was widely credited with stewarding the party toward another coalition government with Merkel's Christian Democrats.[32]
On 2 June 2019, Nahles announced that she would resign as SPD leader in the face of personal unpopularity, a major defeat for the SPD in the 2019 European Parliament election, and a record low result in the Forsa poll of 1 June 2019. She stated she would also resign as leader of the SPD parliamentary group in the Bundestag.[33]
Life after politics
From July 2020, Nahles served as a special advisor to European Commissioner for Jobs and Social Rights Nicolas Schmit.[34][35]
From 2020 to 2022, Nahles served as president of the Federal Posts and Telecommunications Agency in Bonn.[2] In addition, she taught at the NRW School of Governance of the University of Duisburg-Essen.[36][37]
In 2022, Nahles was nominated as director of the Federal Employment Agency (BA).[38]
Other activities
- Baden-Badener Unternehmer-Gespräche (BBUG), Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2022)[39]
- Central Committee of German Catholics, Member[40]
- Denkwerk Demokratie, Member of the Advisory Board
- Hermann Kunst Foundation for the Promotion of New Testament Textual Research, Member of the Board of Trustees[41]
- Maria Laach Abbey, Member of the Board of Trustees
- Willy Brandt Center Jerusalem, Member of the Board of Trustees
- spw – Zeitschrift für sozialistische Politik und Wirtschaft, Member of the Editorial Board[42]
- IG Metall, Member
- Eurosolar, Member
- Attac, Member
- ZDF, Ex-officio Member of the Television Board (2000–2004)
Political positions
Once a leading voice on the SPD's left, Nahles has moved steadily towards the centre. She is known as a provocative and occasionally brusque orator.[7]
Personal life
Nahles' partner was VW manager Horst Neumann from 1997 until 2007.[43] From 2010, she was married to art historian Marcus Frings with whom she has one daughter, born in January 2011.[44] In January 2016 the couple announced their separation.[45]
Nahles lives in the village of Weiler, where she was born. A Roman Catholic, she attends Sunday mass in the village regularly.[7] She resides on a farm that belonged to her great-grandparents.[46] Since 2017, she has an apartment in Berlin's Moabit district.[47]
Nahles enjoys horse riding.[46] Until an accident in 1986, she also was a track and field athlete.[48]
See also
References
- ^ Jan Klauth (2 August 2022), Andrea Nahles steht vor großen Reformen – doch ihr fehlt das Geld Die Welt.
- ^ a b Martin Greive (26 June 2020), Nahles zur neuen Präsidentin der Bundesanstalt für Post und Telekommunikation gewählt Handelsblatt.
- ^ "Ergebnisse - Der Bundeswahlleiter". www.bundeswahlleiter.de. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "SPD: Andrea Nahles tritt zurück". Die Zeit (in German). 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "Schwesig, Dreyer, Schäfer-Gümbel: Trio soll SPD kommissarisch führen". Der Spiegel. 3 June 2019 – via Spiegel Online.
- ^ "Deutscher Bundestag - Ausgeschiedene Abgeordnete der 19. Wahlperiode". Deutscher Bundestag (in German). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ a b c Tobias Buck (28 February 2018), New SPD leader courts German voters with pleas and provocation Financial Times.
- ^ Janosch Delcker (27 September 2017), German Social Democrats brace for left-wing makeover Politico Europe.
- ^ Andrea Nahles, 35 Financial Times, 2 November 2005.
- ^ Judy Dempsey (1 November 2005), Merkel is dealt another setback International Herald Tribune.
- ^ a b Patrick Donahue (15 December 2013), Merkel's Third-Term Cabinet: Social Democratic Party Ministers Bloomberg.
- ^ Bertrand Benoit (30 July 2009), Lagging SPD starts campaign Financial Times.
- ^ Veit Medick and Markus Feldenkirchen (29 July 2009), Germany's Election Pre-Game: Social Democrats to Announce Campaign 'Team Steinmeier' Der Spiegel.
- ^ Haferkamp, Lars (15 November 2009). "Gabriel mit SPD-Parteitag hoch zufrieden". Vorwärts.
- ^ "New SPD leaders flag fresh tax approach". The Local. 15 November 2009.
- ^ Dave Graham (5 October 2009), German parties start coalition talks Reuters.
- ^ Brian Parkin and Birgit Jennen (15 November 2013), German SPD Chief Set to Sell Party on Merkel Coalition Bloomberg.
- ^ German Cabinet Approves National Minimum Wage The New York Times, 2 April 2014.
- ^ Patrick Donahue (3 July 2014), German Lawmakers Back Minimum Wage After Merkel Cedes to SPD Bloomberg News.
- ^ Jeevan Vasagar (30 January 2015), Germany suspends minimum wage for foreign truck drivers Financial Times.
- ^ Henrik Böhme (3 February 2015), Opinion: Minimum wage law is overbureaucratized Deutsche Welle.
- ^ Erik Kirschbaum and Monica Raymunt (29 January 2014), Germany Loosens Own Pension Rules While Asking EU for Austerity The New York Times.
- ^ Melissa Eddy (30 June 2014), After Tightening Pensions, Germany Eases Rules for Some The New York Times.
- ^ Holger Hansen (6 November 2014), Germany to cut pension contributions, free up 2 billion euros Reuters.
- ^ German Parliament Extends Holocaust Pensions The New York Times, 5 June 2014.
- ^ Andrea Thomas (11 December 2014), Germany Looks to Curb Trade-Union Power The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Philip Oltermann (18 September 2014), Germany ponders ground-breaking law to combat work-related stress The Guardian.
- ^ Stefan Wagstyl (28 April 2016), Germany plans 5-year benefit ban for jobless migrants Financial Times.
- ^ Emma Anderson (25 September 2017), Schulz picks Nahles to lead SPD in German parliament Politico Europe.
- ^ Janosch Delcker (27 September 2017), Germany's SPD elects Nahles as parliamentary group leader Politico Europe.
- ^ tagesschau.de. "Parteitag: Nahles mit 66 Prozent zur SPD-Chefin gewählt". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ Madeleine Schwartz (22 April 2018), Andrea Nahles: German SPD's last hope Politico Europe.
- ^ "German SPD leader Nahles quits as party's popularity hits low". 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ Non-institutional special advisers European Commission.
- ^ Ex-SPD-Chefin: Andrea Nahles wird Beraterin von EU-Sozialkommissar Der Spiegel, 10 July 2020.
- ^ Andrea Nahles wird Professorin – zumindest für ein Semester Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland, 11 August 2020.
- ^ Clemens Gatermann (26 November 2020), Nahles tritt Gastprofessur in Duisburg an: SPD muss Fragen klären Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung.
- ^ Mona Jaeger (26 January 2022), Das Comeback der Andrea Nahles Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
- ^ Board of Trustees Archived 9 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Baden-Badener Unternehmer-Gespräche (BBUG).
- ^ Members Archived 17 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine Central Committee of German Catholics.
- ^ Board of Trustees Hermann Kunst Foundation for the Promotion of New Testament Textual Research.
- ^ Editorial board Archived 16 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine spw – Zeitschrift für sozialistische Politik und Wirtschaft.
- ^ [permanent dead link], FTD, 14. November 2005
- ^ "Nachwuchs: SPD-Generalsekretärin bringt Tochter zur Welt". Der Spiegel. 18 January 2011 – via Spiegel Online.
- ^ "Liebes-Aus nach fünf Jahren Ehe: Andrea Nahles und ihr Mann trennen sich". Focus.de (in German). 15 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ a b Michelle Martin and Andrea Shalal (8 February 2018) Germany's SPD bets on first female chair in 154 years to revive fortunes Reuters.
- ^ Miguel Sanches (27 December 2017) Das Scheitern der SPD ist die große Chance für Andrea Nahles Berliner Morgenpost.
- ^ Warum sich Andrea Nahles bestens mit Groschenromanen auskennt Stern, 22 January 2018.
External links
Media related to Andrea Nahles at Wikimedia Commons
- (in German) Official website
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