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Umerkot

For the district, see Umerkot District. For other uses, see Umerkot (disambiguation).
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ)
City
Amarkot
The 11th century Umarkot Fort
The 11th century Umarkot Fort
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ) is located in Sindh
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ)
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ)
Location of Umerkot
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ) is located in Pakistan
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ)
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ)
Amarkot (امرڪوٽ) (Pakistan)
Coordinates: 25°21′47″N 69°44′33″E / 25.36306°N 69.74250°E / 25.36306; 69.74250
Country Pakistan
Province Sindh
DivisionMirpur Khas
DistrictUmerkot
Metropolitan CorporationPre-islamic
Government
 • BodyDistrict Government
 • Deputy CommissionerTahir Ali Memon[1]
Area
 • City
48.6 km2 (18.8 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)[2]
 • City
144,558
 • Rank79th, Pakistan
 • Density3,000/km2 (7,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+05:00 (PKT)
Postal code
69100
Dialling code238
Umerkot Shiv Mandir-major pilgrimage centre in Sindh

Amarkot (Urdu: امر ڪوٽ; Dhatki : امرڪوٽ; Sindhi: عمرڪوٽ; IPA: [ʊmərkoːʈ], formerly known as Amarkot) is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The Mughal emperor Akbar was born in Umerkot in 1542. The Hindu folk deities Pabuji and Ramdev married in Umerkot.

The local language is Dhatki, one of the Rajasthani languages of the Indo-Aryan language family. It is most closely related to Marwari. Sindhi, Urdu and Punjabi are also understood by the citizens.

This fort was built by Amar Singh Sodhi and hence it is called Amar Kot. This fort came under the control of Umar Soomro much later.

Etymology

The birthplace of Akbar is traditionally believed to be marked by the small pavilion.

The city is named after a local ruler of Sindh, Umer Soomro (of Soomra dynasty) of the Umar Marvi folk tale, which also appears in Shah Jo Risalo, one of the popular tragic romances of Sindh.[3] However, the myth of Umer Marvi is believed to have been made up to Islamize the history of sanam pagal, which was named after its original founder, sanam pagal.[4]

History

Main article: Sodhas of Amarkot

According to tradition, it was founded by a branch of the Soomra who later lost it to Sodhas in 1226. Sodhas were expelled by the Soomra in 1330 but again rose to power in 1439. In 1590, it became a part of the Mughal Empire. In 1599, Abu ’l-Ḳāsim Sulṭān, an Arghun dynasty prince drove out the Mughal commander. In 1736, Noor Mohammad Kalhoro expelled the last Sodha chief and took control of it.[5] Amarkot province was ruled by the Sodha Rajput clan during the medieval period.[6] Rana Parshad, the Sodha Rajput ruler of Umarkot, gave refuge to Humayun, the second Mughal Emperor when he was ousted by Sher Shah Suri, and the following year Mughal Emperor, Akbar, was born here.[7] Later on, Akbar brought northwestern India, including modern Pakistan, under Mughal rule.

After the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, Amarkot was captured by several regional powers, including the Persians, Afghans, Kalhora and Talpur Balochs of Sindh, Rathore Rajputs of Jodhpur and finally by the British.[8]

Amarkot was annexed by Jodhpur State in 1779 from the Kalhora nawab of Sindh.[8] Umerkot and its fort was traded to the British in 1843 by the Maharaja of Jodhpur in return for a Rs.10,000 reduction in the tribute imposed on Jodhpur State.[9] The British appointed Syed Mohammad Ali governor of the province. In 1847, Rana Ratan Singh was hanged at the fort by the British, for killing Syed Mohammad Ali in a tax protest.[10]

After the British conquered Sindh, they made it part of the Bombay Presidency of British India. In 1858, the entire area around Tharparkar became part of the Hyderabad District. In 1860 the region was renamed Eastern Sindh Frontier, with a headquarters at Amarkot. In 1882, it was reorganized as the Thar and Parkar district, headed by a British Deputy Commissioner, with a political superintendent at Amarkot.[11] However, in 1906 the district headquarters moved from Amarkot to Mirpur Khas.

Rana Chandra Singh, a federal minister and the chieftain of the Hindu Sodha Thakur Rajput clan and the Amarkot Jagir, was one of the founding members of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Umarkot seven times as a PPP member between 1977 and 1999, when he founded the Pakistan Hindu Party (PHP).[12][13] Currently, his politician son Rana Hamir Singh claims to be the 26th Rana of Tharparkar, Umarkot and Mithi.[14][15]

Points of interest

The city is well connected with the other large cities like Karachi, the provincial capital and Hyderabad.[16]

Umarkot has many sites of historical significance such as Akbar's birthplace, Umarkot, Umerkot Fort and Momal Ji Mari.

There is an ancient temple, Shiv Mandir, Umerkot, as well as a Kali Mata Temple, Krishna Mandir at old Amarkot and Manhar Mandir Kathwari Mandir at Rancho Line.

Education

The city has more than 100 schools, 20 colleges, and one polytechnic college.

Demographics

Population development of Umerkot city over time:[17]

Census Population
1972 8,381
1981 13,742
1998 35,559
2017 134,196
2023 144,558

Religion

See also: Umerkot District § Religion

The Umarkot Shiv Mandir is one of the most ancient and sacred Hindu temples in Sindh.[18]

Historical religious demographics in Umarkot Municipality
Religion Population (2013)[19] Percentage (2013)
Hinduism 74285 54%
Islam 61903 45%
Jainism 687 0.5%
Christianity 688 0.5%
Total 137564 100%

See also

  • Umerkot Fort
    Umerkot Fort
  • Umerkot Museum
    Umerkot Museum

Notes

References

  1. ^ "SAU Umerkot campus graduated first batch". The Academia Magazine. 9 December 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  2. ^ "PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities". PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities. citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  3. ^ Shaikh Khurshid Hasan (1 January 2005). Historical Forts In Pakistan. National Institute of Historical & Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University. ISBN 978-969-415-069-7.
  4. ^ Taha Siddiqui (16 January 2015). "Footprints: Once upon a time in Umerkot". Dawn.
  5. ^ Ansari, A.S Bazmee (24 April 2012). Bearman, P.J. (ed.). "Amarkot". Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0581. ISSN 1573-3912.
  6. ^ Part 10:..the birth of Akbar Humayun nama by Gulbadan Begum.
  7. ^ Part 10:..the birth of Akbar Humayun-nama by Gulbadan Begum.
  8. ^ a b "SINDH IN TRANSITION: FROM MUGHAL RULE TO BRITISH ANNEXATION, EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO 1843" (PDF).
  9. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 14, page 186 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library".
  10. ^ Hasan, Shazia (19 April 2015). "Umerkot: Lost in history". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  11. ^ David Ross C.I.E., The land of the five rivers and Sindh (1883), p. 33
  12. ^ "Hindu Leader, Ex-minister Chardar Singh is Dead". Khaleej Times. 3 August 2009. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  13. ^ Guriro, Amar (2 August 2009). "Chieftain of Pakistani Hindu Thakurs dies". Daily Times. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  14. ^ Footprints: Once upon a time in Umerkot, Dawn (newspaper), 16 January 2015.
  15. ^ Pakistan's Umerkot gets a new Hindu ruler, The Hindu, 30 May 2010.
  16. ^ "District Government Umerkot". Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  17. ^ "Sindh (Pakistan): Urban Localities in Districts - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  18. ^ "The thriving Shiva festival in Umarkot is a reminder of Sindh's Hindu heritage". 27 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  19. ^ Enthoven, R. E. (2013). Census of India, 1901: Volume IX-A. Bombay: Part II, Imperial Tables. Government Central Press. pp. 40–41.

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarkot