This article is part of a series on
Politics of the European Union
Member states (27)  Austria  Belgium  Bulgaria  Croatia  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malta  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Slovakia  Slovenia  Spain  Sweden Candidate countries Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Moldova Montenegro North Macedonia Serbia Ukraine Countries with suspended accession negotiations Turkey Applicant countries Kosovo Special territories Belgium–Germany relations France–Germany relations Germany–Netherlands relations EU 3 Withdrawal from the European Union
Treaties and Declarations Schuman Declaration (1950) Treaty of Paris (1951) Europe Declaration (1951) Spaak Report (1956) Treaty of Rome (1957) Euratom Treaty (1957) Merger Treaty (1965) Solemn Declaration (1983) Single European Act (1986) Maastricht Treaty (1992) Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) Treaty of Nice (2001) Berlin Declaration (2007) Treaty of Lisbon (2007) Article 7 Article 50 Opt-outs Treaties of accession 1972, 1979, 1985, 1994, 2003, 2005, 2011 Treaties of succession 1984, 2020 Other treaties Schengen Agreement (1985) European Economic Area Agreement (1992) Abandoned treaties and agreements European Constitution (2004) UK membership renegotiation (2015–2016)
Executive institutions European Council President: Costa (PES) Parties List of meetings European Commission Von der Leyen Commission President: Von der Leyen (EPP) Vice Presidents College of Commissioners Civil Service Secretary-General: Juhansone
Legislative institutions Legislative procedure Council of the EU Presidency Hungary (July–December 2024) Configurations GAC FAC ECOFIN Eurogroup AGRIFISH EPSCO COMPET TTE ENVI JHA EYC Voting Secretariat Secretary-General: Thérèse Blanchet Directorates-general Council preparatory bodies COREPER Council Working Parties European Parliament (Members) President: Metsola Largest groups EPP (Manfred Weber) S&D (Iratxe García) Member of the European Parliament 10th session (2024–2029) Bureau Vice Presidents Quaestor Conference National parliaments
Judicial institutions Court of Justice of the EU European Court of Justice Members Advocates General Rulings General Court
Auditory institutions European Court of Auditors European Court of Auditors Other auditory bodies Internal Audit Service of the Commission Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council Anti-Fraud Office Public Prosecutor's Office
European Central Bank President Lagarde ESCB EMU Euro banknotes Euro coins
Other bodies European Investment Bank Group Investment Bank Investment Fund EIB Institute European Stability Mechanism European Stability Mechanism European University Institute European University Institute Unified Patent Court Unified Patent Court Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings Decentralised agencies of the EU Single market agencies CFSP agencies AFSC agencies ESFS European Supervisory Authorities SRM bodies Executive agencies of the EU Euratom agencies Decentralised independent bodies of the EU European Institute of Innovation and Technology European Public Prosecutor's Office Corporate bodies of the EU European Data Protection Board Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations Joint undertakings of the EU of the Euratom Other independent bodies European Data Protection Supervisor European Ombudsman Advisory bodies European Committee of the Regions European Economic and Social Committee Political and Security Committee European Union Military Committee EU/ESA Space Council Inter-institutional bodies Publications Office of the European Union European External Action Service European Personnel Selection Office Anti-Fraud Office European Administrative School
Euratom Euratom members  Austria  Belgium  Bulgaria  Croatia  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malta  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Slovakia  Slovenia  Spain  Sweden Associated states  Switzerland  United Kingdom Nuclear power in the European Union
Economic and Monetary Union Eurozone members Austria Belgium Croatia Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Eurogroup President Paschal Donohoe Other currencies in use Bulgarian lev Czech koruna Danish krone Hungarian forint Polish złoty Romanian leu Swedish krona ERM II Enlargement of the eurozone Non Euro countries relationship to Euro Bulgaria Czechia Denmark Hungary Poland Sweden Romania
Schengen Area  Austria  Belgium  Bulgaria  Croatia  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Italy  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malta  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Slovakia  Slovenia  Spain  Sweden Non-EU members  Iceland  Liechtenstein  Norway  Switzerland Prüm Convention Schengen Information System Visa Information System Visa policy of the Schengen Area Non-Schengen area EU member states  Cyprus  Ireland (Opt-out)
European Economic Area EEA members Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia (provisional member) Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Non-EU members  Iceland  Liechtenstein  Norway Topics EEA Joint Committee EEA National Identity cards Microstates and the European Union
Elections Elections to the European Parliament European parties European foundations Political groups of the European Parliament Spitzenkandidat Constituencies Apportionment Referendums related to the EU European elections 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024 (latest election) Elections in EU member states Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden
Law Acquis Primacy (ECJ Case 6/64) Subsidiarity Regulation Directive Decision Recommendation Fundamental Rights
Policies and issues Budget Customs Union Free Trade Agreements European Single Market Area of FS&J Policies Agricultural Energy Fisheries Regional Citizenship Passports of the European Union Identity Pro-Europeanism Euroscepticism European banking union European Banking Supervision Single Resolution Mechanism Capital Markets Union European System of Financial Supervision Integration Supranationalism European Federation Multi-speed Europe Enhanced cooperation
Foreign relations High Representative Kaja Kallas Ext. Action Service Foreign Policy Defence Policy Foreign relations of EU member states Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Argentina–European Union relations Armenia–European Union relations Australia–European Union relations Brazil–European Union relations Canada–European Union relations China–European Union relations European Union–NATO relations Georgia–European Union relations Iceland–European Union relations Kazakhstan–European Union relations Japan–European Union relations Mexico–European Union relations Moldova–European Union relations Norway–European Union relations Russia–European Union relations Switzerland–European Union relations Turkey–European Union relations Ukraine–European Union relations United Kingdom–European Union relations (History) Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union Brexit United States–European Union relations Common Travel Area (Ireland) Microstates and the European Union European Union and the United Nations European Union Association Agreement G7 G20
Defunct bodies European Communities (1958–1993) European Coal and Steel Community European Economic Community European Community Western European Union Convention on the Future of Europe
European Union portal Other countries

The agencies of the European Union (formally: Agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and Euratom) are bodies of the European Union and Euratom established as juridical persons through secondary EU legislation and tasked with a specific narrow field of work.^[1]

They are distinct from:

• international law juridical persons established through primary (treaty) legislation, either as an EU institution (the European Central Bank) or an EU body of other type (such as the European Investment Bank Group entities, the European University Institute, the European Stability Mechanism or the Unified Patent Court)
• other EU institutions
• other EU bodies lacking juridical personality, including the advisory bodies, the independent offices held by a single person (European Ombudsman, European Data Protection Supervisor), and the (non-independent, auxiliary) EU inter-institutional services, regardless whether established through treaty or secondary legislation
• the pan-EU organisational forms which are not considered constituent bodies of the EU or Euratom, regardless whether possessing juridical personality (European Research Infrastructure Consortium, European political party, European political foundation, European grouping of territorial cooperation, Societas Europaea, Societas Cooperativa Europaea) or lacking it (European economic interest grouping)

In contrast to other EU bodies established through secondary legislation, each of more than fifty such entities has its own juridical personality granted by the EU law, recognised across the EU, and in some cases, also across the EEA countries, Switzerland, Serbia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Turkey. Nevertheless, in relations with other non-EU third countries, they are in general not recognised as independent entities, thus being considered either parts of the juridical personality of the EU or Euratom.^[1]

Some of the agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and Euratom are tasked with answering the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level.^{[citation needed]}

They are divided into the following groups:^[1]

Distinct from the EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union are specialist bodies set up to advise the Institutions and Member States in areas that affect everyone living in the Union.^[2] They are located in member states across the EU, providing services, information, and know-how. The total budget of all the decentralised agencies is approximately 0.8% of the EU's annual budget.^[3]

Single market agencies (under the former I Pillar)

Official name	Abbreviation	Location	Member state	Est.	Members and observers
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work	EU-OSHA	Bilbao	Spain	1994	members: EU states, European Commission[4]
European Centre for the Development of Professional Training	Cedefop	Thessaloniki	Greece	1975	members: EU states observers: Iceland, Norway[5]
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	EUROFOUND	Dublin	Ireland	1975	members: EU states, European Commission observers: EFTA[6]
European Environment Agency	EEA	Copenhagen	Denmark	1994	members: EU states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey[7] co-operating: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia
European Training Foundation	ETF	Turin	Italy	1994	members: EU states, European Commission[8]
European Medicines Agency	EMA	Amsterdam (since 2019) London (1995–2019)[a]	Netherlands ( UK until 2019)[a]	1995	members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[10]
European Union Intellectual Property Office[11]	EUIPO[12]	Alicante	Spain	1994	members: EU states, European Commission[13]
Community Plant Variety Office	CPVO	Angers	France	1994	members: EU states, European Commission[14]
Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CdT	Luxembourg City	Luxembourg	1994	members: EU states, European Commission[15]
European Food Safety Authority	EFSA	Parma	Italy	2002	members: EU states observers European Commission, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland
European Maritime Safety Agency	EMSA	Lisbon	Portugal	2002	members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Norway[16]
European Aviation Safety Agency	EASA	Cologne	Germany	2003	members: EU states, European Commission, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland[17] observers: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, UNMIK[18]
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control	ECDC	Stockholm	Sweden	2005	members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway[19]
European Union Agency for the Space Programme	EUSPA	Prague	Czech Republic	2021[20]	members: EU states, European Commission observers: Norway, European Space Agency[21]
European Railway Agency	ERA	Valenciennes and Lille	France	2004	members: EU states, European Commission, Norway[22]
European Fisheries Control Agency	EFCA	Vigo	Spain	2005	members: EU states, European Commission[23]
European Chemicals Agency	ECHA	Helsinki	Finland	2007	members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament observers: Iceland, Norway[24]
Agency for Support for BEREC	BEREC Office	Riga	Latvia	2010	members: EU states, European Commission[25]
Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators	ACER	Ljubljana	Slovenia	2009
European Labour Authority	ELA	Bratislava	Slovakia	2019	members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament[26][27]

Area of freedom, security and justice agencies (under the former III Pillar)

Official name	Abbreviation	Location	Member state	Est.	Members and observers
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training	CEPOL	Budapest (since 2014) Bramshill (2005–2014)	Hungary ( UK till 2014)	2005	members: EU states without Denmark associates: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland[28]
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation	Europol	The Hague	Netherlands	1998	members: EU states
European body for the enhancement of judicial co-operation	Eurojust	The Hague	Netherlands	2002	members: EU states
European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT Systems in the area of freedom, security and justice[29][30]	eu-LISA[31]	Tallinn[32]	Estonia	2012
European Border and Coast Guard Agency	Frontex	Warsaw	Poland	2016[33]	members: EU states, except Ireland, Schengen Area states not members of the EU
European Union Drugs Agency	EUDA	Lisbon	Portugal	1993	members: EU states, European Commission, European Parliament, Norway observers: Turkey[34]
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity	ENISA	Athens	Greece	2005	members: EU states[35]
European Union Agency for Asylum	EUAA	Valletta	Malta	2011[30]
European Institute for Gender Equality	EIGE	Vilnius	Lithuania	2007	members: EU states[36]
Fundamental Rights Agency	FRA	Vienna	Austria	2007	members: EU states, European Commission, Council of Europe[37]
Anti-Money Laundering Authority	AMLA	Frankfurt	Germany	2024	members: EU states

European supervisory authorities (of the European System of Financial Supervision)

Official name	Abbreviation	Location	Member state	Est.	Members and observers
European Banking Authority	EBA	Paris (since 2019) London (2011–2019)[a]	France ( UK till 2019)[a]	2011	[38]
European Securities and Markets Authority	ESMA	Paris	France	2011	[39]
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority	EIOPA	Frankfurt	Germany	2011	[40]

Single Resolution Mechanism bodies (of the European banking union)

Official name	Abbreviation	Location	Member state	Est.	Members and observers
Single Resolution Board	SRB	Brussels	Belgium	2015	Eurozone countries, Bulgaria

Common Security and Defence Policy agencies (under the former II Pillar)

Official name	Abbreviation	Location	Member state	Est.	Members and observers
European Defence Agency	EDA	Brussels	Belgium	2004	members: EU states;[41] European Commission participant: Norway
European Institute for Security Studies	EUISS	Paris	France	2001
European Union Satellite Centre	SatCen	Torrejón de Ardoz	Spain	2002

Executive agencies are created by European Commission for a fixed period.

A joint undertaking is a juridical person and a subsidiary body of the EU or Euratom, established through an agreement between the European Commission, the participating member states, and the European industry of a certain field, with the purpose of implementing a public-private partnership project.

The list includes the two decentralised bodies other than agencies, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official name	Abbreviation	Location	Member state	Members and associates
European Institute of Innovation and Technology	EIT	Budapest	Hungary	Members: EEA countries, Switzerland; associates: the United Kingdom
European Public Prosecutor's Office	EPPO	Luxembourg City[43][44]	Luxembourg	members: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain

The list includes the remaining two bodies other than agencies, decentralised bodies or joint undertakings, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.

Official name	Abbreviation	Location	Member state	Established	Abolished	Fate
European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia	EUMC	Vienna	Austria	1997	2007	Transformed into FRA
European Agency for Reconstruction	EAR	Thessaloniki	Greece	2000	2008	Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG NEAR and IPA
Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency	Chafea	Luxembourg City	Luxembourg	2005	2015	Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG SANTE and to HaDEA
European GNSS Supervisory Authority	GSA	undef.	undef.	2004	2010	Transformed into the second GSA
European GNSS Agency	GSA	Prague	Czech Republic	2010	2021	Transformed into EUSPA
European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union	Frontex	Warsaw	Poland	2005	2016	Transformed into current Frontex

• Schnell-Brüter- Kernkraftwerksgesellschaft mbH' (SBK)
• Hochtemperatur- Kernkraftwerk GmbH (HKG)

• Directorate-General
• European integration – participation by non-EU states in EU initiatives
• Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
• Meroni doctrine

• EU's main site about agencies
  • Decentralised agencies
• Attribution of the seat of EU agencies: European Council conclusions, December 2003
• EU agencies on social media
  • Official social media accounts of EU agencies on Twitter and elsewhere
  • Unofficial mirrors of social media accounts of EU agencies on Mastodon