Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
	Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Aleutian Island Unit
	Map of Alaska, United States
Location	Alaska, United States
Coordinates	52°N 174°W / 52°N 174°W
Area	4,900,000 acres (20,000 km2)
Established	1980
Governing body	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Website	Alaska Maritime NWR

The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (often shortened to Alaska Maritime or AMNWR) is a United States National Wildlife Refuge comprising 2,400 islands, headlands, rocks, islets, spires and reefs in Alaska, with a total area of 4.9 million acres (20,000 km²), of which 2.64 million acres (10,700 km²) is wilderness. The refuge stretches from Cape Lisburne on the Chukchi Sea to the tip of the Aleutian Islands in the west and Forrester Island in the southern Alaska Panhandle region in the east. The refuge has diverse landforms and terrains, including tundra, rainforest, cliffs, volcanoes, beaches, lakes, and streams.

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge is well known for its abundance of seabirds. About 75 percent of Alaskan native marine birds, 15 to 30 million among 55 species, use the refuge. AMNWR also provides a nesting habitat for an estimated 40 million seabirds, representing 80 percent of all seabirds in North America. The birds congregate in "bird cities" (colonies) along the coast. Each species has a specialized nesting site (rock ledge, crevice, boulder rubble, pinnacle, or burrow). Other animals present in this refuge include caribou, sea lions, bears, coyotes, seals, Canada lynx, beavers, foxes, muskrats, wolf packs, moose, walrus, river otters, marten, whales, Dall sheep and sea otters.^[1]

The administrative headquarters and visitor center are located in Homer, Alaska. In 1968, Simeonof National Wildlife Refuge, part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.^[2]

Administration

The refuge is divided into five units. Clockwise around Alaska, starting in the southeast, their component territories include:

Gulf of Alaska unit

Saint Lazaria Wilderness (formerly Saint Lazaria National Wildlife Refuge) (Saint Lazaria Island)
Hazy Islands Wilderness (Hazy Islands)
Forrester Island Wilderness (Forrester Island, Lowrie Island, Wolf Rock)
Barren Islands (East Amatuli Island, West Amatuli Island, Ushagat Island, et al.)
Tuxedni Wilderness (Chisik Island, Duck Island, and Egg Island)
Middleton Island
Chiswell Islands
Trinity Island (Sitkinak Island)

Alaska Peninsula unit

Sutwik Island
Semidi Wilderness (Semidi Islands: Aghik Island and Chowiet Island, et al.)
Simeonof Wilderness (Simeonof Island, part of the Shumagin Islands)

Aleutian Islands unit

Includes most of the land area of the Aleutian Islands, from Unimak in the east to Attu in the west: Near Islands, Rat Islands, Delarof Islands, Andreanof Islands, Islands of Four Mountains, Fox Islands, and Krenitzin Islands

Unimak Wilderness (Unimak Island)
Aleutian Islands Wilderness – 1,300,000 acres (5,300 km²), designated 1980^[3]
Bogoslof Wilderness (Bogoslof Island) – 175 acres (71 ha), designated 1970^[4]

Bering Sea unit

Hagemeister Island
Pribilof Islands (St. George Island, St. Paul Island, Otter Island, Walrus Island)
Bering Sea Wilderness (St. Matthew Island, Hall Island, Pinnacle Island) – 81,340 acres (32,920 ha), designated 1970^[5]
Besboro Island
Sledge Island
King Island

Chukchi Sea unit

Gallery

Big Hazy Islet - Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
Gull Island, a small rocky outcropping on Kachemak Bay is the summer home to an estimated 10,000 seabirds
Thick-billed murres in the refuge
East Amatuli Island, Barren Islands, Gulf of Alaska Unit
Castle Cape, Alaska Peninsula Unit
Cape Thompson
Three walrus near Cape Lisburne