1689

1689 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1689; MDCLXXXIX
Ab urbe condita	2442
Armenian calendar	1138; ԹՎ ՌՃԼԸ
Assyrian calendar	6439
Balinese saka calendar	1610–1611
Bengali calendar	1096
Berber calendar	2639
English Regnal year	1 Will. & Mar. – 2 Will. & Mar.
Buddhist calendar	2233
Burmese calendar	1051
Byzantine calendar	7197–7198
Chinese calendar	戊辰年 (Earth Dragon); 4386 or 4179; — to —; 己巳年 (Earth Snake); 4387 or 4180
Coptic calendar	1405–1406
Discordian calendar	2855
Ethiopian calendar	1681–1682
Hebrew calendar	5449–5450
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1745–1746
- Shaka Samvat	1610–1611
- Kali Yuga	4789–4790
Holocene calendar	11689
Igbo calendar	689–690
Iranian calendar	1067–1068
Islamic calendar	1100–1101
Japanese calendar	Genroku 2; (元禄２年)
Javanese calendar	1612–1613
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	4022
Minguo calendar	223 before ROC; 民前223年
Nanakshahi calendar	221
Thai solar calendar	2231–2232
Tibetan calendar	阳土龙年; (male Earth-Dragon); 1815 or 1434 or 662; — to —; 阴土蛇年; (female Earth-Snake); 1816 or 1435 or 663

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century; 17th century ; 18th century;
Decades:	1660s; 1670s; 1680s ; 1690s; 1700s;
Years:	1686; 1687; 1688; 1689 ; 1690; 1691; 1692;

1689 (MDCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1689th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 689th year of the 2nd millennium, the 89th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1680s decade. As of the start of 1689, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

Notable events during this year include:

Coup, war, and legislation in England and its territories.
- The overthrow of Catholic king James of England, Ireland, and Scotland in the Glorious Revolution.
- The latter realms entering the Nine Years War and its expansion to the American colonies in the King William's War.
- The Bill of Rights becomes law in England.
Japanese writer Bashō goes on a voyage, resulting in the classic Narrow Road to the Interior.
The death of Pope Innocent XI and the election of the 241st Pope Alexander VIII.
The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire.
Morocco wins in the Siege of Larache against Spain.
Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China.

January–March

January 22 (January 12, 1688 O.S.) – Glorious Revolution in England: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King James II of England, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, vacated the throne when he fled to France, at the end of 1688. The settlement of this is agreed on 8 February.^[1]
January 30 – The first performance of the opera Henrico Leone composed by Agostino Steffani takes place in Hannover to inaugurate the new royal theatre in the Leineschloss.
February 12 – John Locke returned to London from exile in Holland.^[2]
February 23 (February 13, 1688 O.S.) – William III and Mary II are proclaimed co-rulers of England, Scotland and Ireland.^[1]
March 2 – Nine Years' War: As French forces leave, they set fire to Heidelberg Castle, and the nearby town of Heidelberg.
March 22 (March 12 O.S.) – Start of the Williamite War in Ireland: The deposed James II of England lands with 6,000 French soldiers in Ireland, where there is a Catholic majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup.^[3] However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of Louis XIV of France, and refuse to support him.
March 27 – Japanese haiku master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage, which will result in the prose and verse classic Oku no Hosomichi ("Narrow Road to the Interior").

April–June

April 4 – A total lunar eclipse is visible in central Asia.^[4]
April 11 (O.S.) – William III and Mary II are crowned in London as King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.^[5] Ireland does not recognise them yet, while the Estates of Scotland declare King James VII of Scotland deposed.
April 18
- Boston revolt: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a "mob" of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England and revocation of various colonial charters.
- The Siege of Derry begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of Derry and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland. The Protestant defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned. .^[6]
May 11 (May 1 O.S.)
- The Battle of Bantry Bay begins during the Williamite War in Ireland as the French fleet under the Marquis de Châteaurenault is able to protect its transports, unloading supplies for James II, from the English Royal Navy under the Earl of Torrington, and withdraws unpursued.^[7]
- William and Mary accept the Scottish throne a month after the Scottish Parliament votes to depose King James VII
May 12 – Nine Years' War: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by William III, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until 1697. This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars (until 1763) between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements, across the Canadian and New England borders.
May 24 – The Act of Toleration, drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to protect Protestants but with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded, is passed; this effectively concludes the Glorious Revolution.
May 25 – The last hearth tax is collected in England and Wales.
May 31 – Leisler's Rebellion: Calvinist Jacob Leisler deposes lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson and assumes control of the Province of New York.
June 5 – The Convention of Estates adjourns in Scotland after 11 weeks and its members form a new Scottish parliament.
June 14 – The Duke of Gordon, a Scottish peer and Jacobite supporter, surrenders Edinburgh Castle to Protestant attackers after holding out for 20 days following the Glorious Revolution.

July–September

July 25 – The Council of Wales and the Marches is abolished.
July 27 – First Jacobite rising: Battle of Killiecrankie near Pitlochry in Perthshire – Scottish Covenanter supporters of William III and Mary II (under Hugh Mackay) are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James II, but the latter's leader, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, is killed. Hand grenades are used in action.^[8]
July 28 – English sailors break through a floating boom across the River Foyle, to end the siege of Derry after 105 days.^[9]
August 2 – Boston Revolt: Edmund Andros, former governor of the Dominion of New England, escapes from Boston to Connecticut, but is recaptured.
August 5 – Beaver Wars: Lachine massacre – A force of 1,500 Iroquois largely destroys the village of Lachine, New France.
August 12 – Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi, b. 1611), Pope since 1676, dies. He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg, against Louis XIV, and the Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire.
August 20 – A large Williamite force under Marshal Schomberg begins the siege of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland, which surrenders on August 27.
August 21 – First Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld – Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland.^[10]
August 23
- Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI. The conclave lasts until October 6.
- Gravely ill, the Empress Xiaoyiren is proclaimed empress by her husband, China's Kangxi Emperor, after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682. She dies the next day.
August 27 – China and Russia sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
September 8 – The Siege of Mainz (in the modern-day Rheinland-Pfalz state of Germany), which had started on June 1, ends after almost three months, as French General Nicolas Chalon du Blé surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic.
September 9 – King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War.
September 24 – The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Turkish War in modern-day Serbia.
September 28–29 – A total lunar eclipse is visible in eastern America, western Europe and west Africa.^[11]

October–December

October 6 – The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope. Ottoboni takes the name Alexander VIII and succeeds Pope Innocent XI, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years.
October 26 – Skopje fire of 1689 occurs, lasting for two days and burning much of the city.
November 11 – The Siege of Larache in Morocco ends when the Spanish troops surrender to Mawlay Ismail and the Moroccan forces.
November 22 – Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China.
December 10 – A great comet is visible from Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th, including many from Dutch ships near the equator.^[12]
December 16 – The Bill of Rights (An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown), drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to establish constitutional monarchy in England, but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne, receives royal assent; it will remain substantially in force into the 21st century.
December 22 – A serious earthquake strikes Innsbruck, Austria.^[13]

Date unknown

Peter the Great plots to overthrow his half-sister Sophia as regent of Russia.
Supporters of William of Orange seize Liverpool Castle in the north west of England.^[14]
The English East India Company expands its influence, and a Committee of the House of Commons is formed to deal with the concerns of the Company.^[15]
Valvasor's The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola is printed in Nuremberg.
The first documented performance of the opera Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell takes place at Josias Priest's girls' school in Chelsea, London, with a libretto based on Virgil's Aeneid.^[16]
Boston suffers a smallpox epidemic.^[17]

Births

January

January 7 – Robert Murray, Brigadier-General, Scottish soldier, Member of Parliament (d. 1738)
January 11 – Charles Parkin, English clergyman and antiquarian (d. 1765)
January 15 – Giovanni Gaetano Bottari, Italian scholar and critic (d. 1775)
January 16 – Edmond Jean François Barbier, French historian (d. 1771)
January 18
- Montesquieu, French social commentator and political thinker (d. 1755)
- Jan Abel Wassenbergh, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1750)
January 21 – Daniel Henchman, bookseller (d. 1761)
January 22 – Philibert Orry, French politician (d. 1747)
January 23 – Joseph Ames, English bibliographer and antiquary (d. 1759)
January 24 – Gaspare Diziani, Italian painter (d. 1767)
January 29 – James Rait, Bishop of Brechin (d. 1777)

February

February 1 – Thomas Jenner, English academic (d. 1768)
February 3 – Blas de Lezo, admiral of the Spanish Empire (d. 1741)
February 23 – Leonardo Antonio Olivieri, Italian painter (d. 1752)
c. February 23 – Samuel Bellamy, English pirate captain (d. 1717)
February 27
- Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer (d. 1775)
- John Roosevelt, American businessman and alderman (d. 1750)
- Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental, German noble (d. 1709)

March

March 3 – Thomas Ingoldsby, British politician (d. 1768)
March 3 – Mattias Alexander von Ungern-Sternberg, Swedish politician and field marshal (d. 1763)
March 7 – Charles-Michel Mesaiger, Jesuit priest (d. 1766)
March 11
- Roger Handasyd, British Army officer (d. 1763)
- Nanbu Toshimoto, mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, the 6th daimyō of Morioka Domain (d. 1725)
March 19 – Pierre-Joseph Alary, French ecclesiastic and writer (d. 1770)
March 20 – Thomas Robie, Colonial American scientist and physician (d. 1729)
March 25 – Peder Hersleb, Norwegian bishop (d. 1757)
March 26 – Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria, Austrian Royal (d. 1743)

April

April 2 – Arthur Dobbs, Irish politician, governor of the Province of North Carolina (d. 1765)
April 5 – William Holmes, English academic and Dean of Exeter (d. 1748)
April 14 – William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, Scottish army officer and Jacobite leader (d. 1746)
April 15 – Richard Ward, American colonial governor (d. 1763)
April 18 – Marie Anne de Bourbon, French noble (d. 1720)
April 21 – Johann Jakob Fried, German obstetrician (d. 1769)
April 24 – Giovanni Antonio Faldoni, Italian painter and engraver (d. 1770)
April 30 – Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou, French politician (d. 1749)

August

August 1 – Pedro de Calatayud, writer (d. 1773)
August 3 – Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny, Marshal of France (d. 1778)
August 4 – James Cotter the Younger, Leader of the Catholics of Cork (d. 1720)
August 7 – Henric Benzelius, Swedish archbishop (d. 1758)
August 8 – Wenzel Lorenz Reiner, Czech painter (d. 1743)
August 19 – Samuel Richardson, English writer and printer (d. 1761)
August 21 – Josep Prades i Gallent, Organist and composer (d. 1757)

September

September 1
- Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Czech architect (d. 1751)
- Philipp Segesser, Swiss missionary (d. 1762)
September 4
- Hugh Bethell, British Member of Parliament (d. 1747)
- Thomas Lawrence, American mayor (d. 1754)
- Anna Sophie Schack, Danish noblewoman (d. 1760)
September 13 – Johan Fredrik Peringskiöld, Swedish translator (d. 1725)
September 17 – Ferdinand Charles, comte d'Aspremont-Lynden, army general (d. 1772)
September 18 – Gabriel Malagrida, Italian missionary (d. 1761)
September 21 – Jan Klemens Branicki, Polish noble (d. 1771)
September 22 – Catharina Backer, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1766)
September 23 – Antonio Denzio, Italian opera singer (d. 1763)
September 24 – Johann Adam Steinmetz, German pastor (d. 1762)
September 26 – Nijō Yoshitada, Japanese noble (d. 1737)
September 27 – Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby, English noble and politician (d. 1776)
September 29 – Henry Perrot, British Member of Parliament (d. 1740)
September 30 – Jacques Aubert, French composer and violinist (d. 1753)

October

October 10 – Francesco Maria Pratilli, Italian priest, antiquarian, famed for skilled forgeries (d. 1763)
October 15 – Nicolas-Ignace de Beaubois, French missionary (d. 1770)
October 22
- King John V of Portugal, Portuguese king (d. 1750)
- Matthew Skinner, English serjeant-at-law, judge and politician (d. 1749)
October 29 – Tokugawa Yoshimichi, daimyo (d. 1713)
October 31 – Mildmay Fane, British politician (d. 1715)

November

November 2
- Michael Cox, Anglican archbishop in Ireland (d. 1779)
- Charles-François Panard, French chansonnier and poet (d. 1765)
- Joan Paul Schaghen, Dutch governor (d. 1746)
November 3
- Jan Josef Ignác Brentner, Czech composer (d. 1742)
- John Crowley, British Member of Parliament (d. 1728)
November 4 – Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal, Portuguese nobleman and statesman (d. 1742)
November 6
- Reynolds Calthorpe, politician (d. 1714)
- Christoph Schütz, German theologian (d. 1750)
November 8 – Henry XXXV, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1758)
November 17 – Jean François Foppens, Flemish historian (d. 1761)
November 21 – Jacques I, Prince of Monaco, Prince consort of Monaco (d. 1751)
November 29 – Johann Theodor Eller, German chemist and physician (d. 1760)
November 30
- Lars Gathenhielm, Swedish privateer (d. 1718)
- Joseph Wamps, French painter (d. 1744)

December

December 1 – Hieronymus Albrecht Hass, harpsichord maker (d. 1752)
December 4 – Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (d. 1774)
December 8 – Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Titular margrave of Brandenburg, imperial general (d. 1734)
December 11 – Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (d. 1774)
December 14 – Agostino Veracini, Italian painter (d. 1762)
December 21 – Arthur Ingram, 6th Viscount of Irvine, British peer and politician (d. 1736)
December 23 – Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (d. 1755)
December 24 – Frans van Mieris the Younger, Dutch painter (d. 1763)
December 27 – Jacob August Franckenstein, Encyclopedia editor, professor (d. 1733)

Deaths