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2.01 (Buran-class spacecraft)

2.01
2.01 in 2012
TypeBuran-class orbiter
CountrySoviet Union
Contract award1983
StatusUnfinished

2.01 (GRAU index serial number 11F35 3K) is the designation of the third Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. Its construction was not complete when the Buran programme was cancelled (30–50 percent done), so it remains unfinished.[1] It was never officially named, though it's often referred to as Baikal (Russian: Байкал) after Lake Baikal.

Differences from Buran and Ptichka

The 2.01 is the first of a second series of Buran-class orbiters. The design was improved using feedback from the earlier models of Buran-class shuttles, such as the flight of Buran and the construction of Ptichka.[1]

Major changes include:

  • Hull design optimized to save weight.
  • Thermal protection system arrangement changed.
  • Spoilers added to elevons.
  • OMS thrusters configuration changed.
  • Payload bay doors radiator design simplified.
  • Landing gear improved.
  • Drag chute container was reduced, since it turned out the surface area of the parachutes in the flight of Buran was overabundant.

After the Challenger disaster it was decided to limit the crew capacity of the second series of orbiters to four crew members with ejection seats regularly mounted.[2]

Since none of the second series orbiters were completed, only changes in the thermal protection system and OMS thrusters arrangement can be visible on 2.01.

History

Buran flight test Orbiter OK-2.01
Body of 2.01 being towed by barge to Zhukovsky Airfield, 2011
Buran 2.01 in Gromov Flight Research Institute in process of restoration, 2011
Buran 2.01 at the Voenfilm-medyn cinema complex, August 2022

Projected flights

It was projected in 1989 that orbiter 2.01 would have its first crewed space test flight, 3K1, in 1994, with a duration of twenty-four hours. The craft would have been equipped with a life support system and two ejection seats. Crew would have consisted of two cosmonauts — Igor Volk (commander) and Aleksandr Ivanchenko (flight engineer).[3]

In 1991, construction of the orbiter was suspended, and in 1993, the Buran program was completely cancelled.

Post-retirement

After residing at the Tushino factory where it was constructed, it was incorrectly announced in 2006 that orbiter 2.01 would be put on display in the Technik Museum Speyer, Germany. However, the German Museum had actually bought OK-GLI, the jet-powered Buran atmospheric test vehicle, which appeared on display in its own new hangar from September 2008.[1]

From 2004 the orbiter 2.01 was left under open skies at a car park in Moscow, near Khimki Reservoir.[4][5][6][7][8]

On 22 June 2011, during the day the orbiter was put on a barge[9][original research?] to be moved to the MAKS 2011 international air show, which took place from 16 to 21 August in Zhukovsky (Moscow region).[10] In the night of 22–23 June, it was seen on the Moskva River.[11][12][original research?] The orbiter was exposed at the show with one side restored.

In 2012, it was seen during the Russian Air Force 100th Anniversary Airshow in Zhukovsky. It was expected that it would be restored in Zhukovsky and shown at the MAKS 2013 exhibition, but it never appeared at the exhibition. As of November 2013, it remained at the Zhukovsky International Airport (55°33′06″N 38°08′40″E / 55.5517°N 38.1444°E / 55.5517; 38.1444).[13]

In July 2017, heat-tiles from orbiter 2.01 were listed online, leading some to believe that the orbiter had been scrapped or otherwise disassembled.[14] However, satellite imagery of Zhukovsky Airport taken in 2019 indicates that 2.01 still resided at the airfield, albeit in a different location (55°34′16″N 38°8′34″E / 55.57111°N 38.14278°E / 55.57111; 38.14278).[15]

As of 22 April 2022, the orbiter had been moved to Voenfilm-Medyn cinema complex in Moscow Oblast,[16] where it resided at least through August 2022. Some of the heat-tiles removed in 2017 were missing, and the coordinates for the orbiter were 54,9504486, 35,8559756.

As of April 2024, the orbiter was relocated for restoration at the Technical Museum of Vadim Zadorozhny in Moscow.[17] In August 2024, the orbiter was acquired for display in UMMC Museum Complex.[18] The orbiter arrived at the museum complex near Yekaterinburg in November 2024.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Shuttle Buran 2.01 current status". Archived from the original on 2006-09-04. Retrieved 2006-08-05.
  2. ^ http://www.buran.ru/galapago/NK2018-12_buran.pdf Archived 2019-02-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  3. ^ Экипажи "Бурана" Несбывшиеся планы. Buran (in Russian). Retrieved 2006-08-05.
  4. ^ "Where Do Shuttles Go?". English Russia. 2008-07-30. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  5. ^ Moscow. "moscow". Google Maps. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  6. ^ Тушинский машиностроительный завод, на котором строился космический челнок "Буран", открестился от своего детища. 5-TV. 2010-09-30. Archived from the original on 2012-07-20. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  7. ^ Дмитрий Мельников (2010-09-28). Вести.Ru: "Буран" остался без крыльев и хвоста. Vesti. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  8. ^ "Photo". Archived from the original on 2014-03-16. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
  9. ^ "untitled". Buran space shuttle and the Energia launcher. June 2011.
  10. ^ "Buran-Energia Buran OK-2.01". Buran-energia.com. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  11. ^ "untitled photo of Buran on a barge". Tagesschau.
  12. ^ "7289 – Проект 942 — Водный транспорт". Fleetphoto.ru. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  13. ^ Russian Space Agency VKK Buran 2.01: Photo dated 27 November 2013.
  14. ^ "Buran Space Shuttle Shop - Buran's tile". www.buran-energia.com.
  15. ^ "55°34'16.3"N 38°08'34.5"E". Google Maps. Retrieved 2019-09-16.
  16. ^ ""Вот это мощь!": Шапша восхитился моделью космического корабля "Буран"". kaluganews.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-08-15.
  17. ^ Новости, Р. И. А. (2021-12-28). "Для восстановления "Бурана" придется построить специальный ангар". РИА Новости (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
  18. ^ "Космический корабль "Буран" войдет в экспозицию уральского музея". TACC (in Russian). 2 August 2024.
  19. ^ "ISRO Spaceflight Now". Facebook.com. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2.01_(Buran-class_spacecraft)