2-Butyne
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name But-2-yne | |
| Other names Dimethylacetylene Crotonylene | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.239 |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C4H6 | |
| Molar mass | 54.0904 g/mol |
| Density | 0.691 g/mL |
| Melting point | −32 °C (−26 °F; 241 K) |
| Boiling point | 27 °C (81 °F; 300 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
2-Butyne (dimethylacetylene, crotonylene or but-2-yne) is an alkyne with chemical formula CH3C≡CCH3. Produced artificially, it is a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
2-Butyne is of interest to physical chemists because of its very low torsional barrier and the problem of determining that barrier using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of its spectrum[3] leads to a determination that the torsional barrier is only 6 cm−1 (1.2×10−22 J or 72 J mol−1). However, it has not been determined whether the equilibrium structure is eclipsed (D3h) or staggered (D3d). Symmetry analysis using the Molecular Symmetry Group[4][5] G36 shows that one would need to analyse its high resolution rotation-vibration Raman spectrum to determine its equilibrium structure.
2-Butyne (dimethylethyne) forms with 5-decyne (dibutylethyne), 4-octyne (dipropylethyne) and 3-hexyne (diethylethyne) a group of symmetric alkynes.
Synthesis
2-Butyne can be synthesized by the rearrangement reaction of ethylacetylene in a solution of ethanolic potassium hydroxide.[6]
Applications
2-Butyne, along with propyne, is used to synthesize alkylated hydroquinones in the total synthesis of Vitamin E.[7]
See also
- Acetylenedicarboxylic acid
- 1-Butyne, a position isomer
- 1,4-Butynediol
- Hexamethylbenzene, a product of 2-butyne trimerization
- Hexafluoro-2-butyne
References
- ^ [1] at Sigma-Aldrich
- ^ NIST Chemistry WebBook page for 2-butyne
- ^ di Lauro, C.; et al. (1997). "The rotation-torsion structure in the ν11/ν15 (Gs) methyl rocking fundamental band in dimethylacetylene". J. Mol. Spectrosc. 184 (1): 177–185. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1997.7321.
- ^ Longuet-Higgins, H.C. (1963). "The symmetry groups of non-rigid molecules". Molecular Physics. 6 (5): 445–460. Bibcode:1963MolPh...6..445L. doi:10.1080/00268976300100501.
- ^ P. R. Bunker (1964). "The Rotation-Torsion Wavefunctions of Molecules that have two Identical Rotors". Mol. Phys. 8: 81. doi:10.1080/00268976400100091.
- ^ Victor von Richter; Hans Meerwein (1916). Organic Chemistry: Chemistry of the aliphatic series Vol. I: Smith's 3rd American Ed. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Sons & Co. p. 89.
- ^ Reppe, Walter; Kutepow, N; Magin, A (1969). "Cyclization of Acetylenic Compounds". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 8 (10): 727–733. doi:10.1002/anie.196907271.