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1996 Iranian legislative election

1996 Iranian legislative election
← 1992 8 March and 19 April 1996 2000 →
All 270 seats of Islamic Consultative Assembly
135 seats needed for a majority
Registered34,716,000[1]
Turnout71.10%[1]
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani Gholamhossein Karbaschi Mehdi Karoubi
Party Combatant Clergy Association
and allies 		Executives of Construction
and allies 		Association of Combatant Clerics
and allies
Leader's seat Did not stand Did not stand Did not stand
Seats won 90≈150 60≈80 30≈80
National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1996 election
Composition of the Assembly following the election
Speaker before election

Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
CCA

Elected Speaker

Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
CCA

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 8 March 1996, with a second round on 19 April.[2] The Combatant Clergy Association and its allies emerged as the largest bloc in the Majlis, winning 110 of the 270 seats.[2]

Electoral system

The constitution approved in a December 1979 referendum provided for a 270-seat Majlis, with five seats reserved for minority groups including Jews, Zorastrians, Armenians from the north and south of the country and one jointly elected by Assyrians and Chaldeans.[3]

The elections were conducted using a two-round system, with the number of candidates progressing to the second round being double the number of seats available. Candidates required an absolute majority to win a seat in the first round, and plurality to win in the second round.[3] However, in this election, minimum percentages for candidates to be elected in first round was lowered to 33.33% (one-third of votes).

Campaign

A total of 3,726 candidates contested the elections, including around 326 women.[3] 145 seats were won in the first round of voting.[4]

Main groups contesting in the elections were:[5]

15 Freedom Movement members presented themselves as candidates and only 4 of them made it through initial vetting, 3 of whom were excluded before polling day. The organization announced its intention to withdraw from the election. The election was boycotted by the National Front and Nation Party.[6]

Results

Both conservatives and reformers claimed a 70 percent majority after the first round and also claimed independents as supporters.[7]

Salam newspaper

According to Salam, Executives of Construction and Imam's Line Groups won shared 120 parliamentary seats.[8]

Adelkhah (1999)
Faction Seats
Right 90 to 100
Executives of Construction 70 to 80
Left about 40
Source: Adelkhah[9]
Nohlen et al (2001)
In the following table, the Independents are counted as "allies".
Party Seats +/–
Combatant Clergy Association and allies 110 –40
Combatant Clerics of Tehran and allies 80 +80
Executives of Construction Party and allies 80 New
Total 270 0
Source: Nohlen et al.[2]
Kazemzadeh (2008)
Faction Seats
Right-wing hardliners 150
Rafsanjani and Executives of Construction 15–60
Left-wing coalition of Imam's Line 30
Independents 30
Total 270
Source: Kazemzadeh[10]

Aftermath

The newly elected members of Majlis met for the first time on 1 June.[4] Ali Akbar Nateq-Nouri remained in Speaker position until 2000 after he received 11 more votes than Abdullah Nouri (also a cleric).

References

  1. ^ a b "1996 Parliamentary Election", The Iran Social Science Data Portal, Princeton University, archived from the original on 2012-05-30, retrieved 10 August 2015
  2. ^ a b c Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). "Iran". Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. pp. 68, 74. ISBN 978-0-19-924958-9.
  3. ^ a b c Iran IPU
  4. ^ a b Elections held in 1996 IPU
  5. ^ Beheshti, Ebrahim (4 January 2016) [14 Dey 1394]. "گزارش "ایران" از صف‌آرایی گروه‌های سیاسی در ۹ دوره انتخابات مجلس". Iran (in Persian). No. 6116. 109221. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  6. ^ "IRAN", Human Rights Watch World Report 1997: Events of 1996, Human Rights Watch, 1996, p. 282, ISBN 9781564322074
  7. ^ Guy Engelman (2 February 2000), "A Background to Iran's Forthcoming Majlis Elections", The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (PolicyWatch), no. 436, retrieved 29 August 2017
  8. ^ Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Iran: The National Kargozaran-Sazandegi Party; political view, its leaders, branches, and participation in any election in Iran (1998), 19 February 2002, IRN38586.E, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3df4be498.html [accessed 10 June 2016]
  9. ^ Fariba Adelkhah (1999), Being Modern in Iran, CERI series in comparative politics and international studies, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, p. 85
  10. ^ Masoud Kazemzadeh (2008), "Intra-Elite Factionalism and the 2004 Majles Elections in Iran", Middle Eastern Studies, 44 (2): 189–214, doi:10.1080/00263200701874867 – via Taylor and Francis Online (subscription required)
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Iranian_legislative_election