1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election
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All 117 seats in the Travancore–Cochin Legislative Assembly 59 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 74.07% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Location of Travancore-Cochin in India | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin were held on 15 February 1954. 265 candidates competed for the 106 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 11 two-member constituencies and 95 single-member constituencies. Out of these, one single member and one two-member constituency was reserved for SC.[1] The main contest in the election was between the Indian National Congress (INC) and the United Front of Leftists (UFL). Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress was also significant in some Tamil - significant constituencies.
Results
Summary
| |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Flag | Seats Contested |
Won | Net Change in seats |
% of Seats |
Votes | Vote % | Change in vote % | |
| Indian National Congress | 115 | 45 |  1 |
38.46 | 17,62,820 | 45.32 | 9.88
| ||
| Communist Party of India | 
|
36 | 23 | New | 19.66 | 6,52,613 | 16.78 | New | |
| Praja Socialist Party | 38 | 19 | New | 16.24 | 6,32,623 | 16.26 | New | ||
| Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress | 16 | 12 | 4 |
10.26 | 2,37,411 | 6.10 | 0.18
| ||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party | 12 | 9 | 3 |
7.69 | 212354 | 5.46 | 1.98
| ||
| Independent | 47 | 9 |  28 |
7.69 | 3,91,612 | 10.07 | N/A | ||
| Total seats | 117 ( 9) |
Voters | 52,51,560 | Turnout | 38,89,836 (74.07%) | ||||
By constituency
| Assembly Constituency | Turnout (%) |
Winner | Runner Up | Winning Party | Margin | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Seats | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |||
| 1 | Tovala | 1 | 71.02 | Ramaswami Pillai. S | PSP | 16702 | 57.09 | Sivarama Pillai. K | INC | 8117 | 27.75 | PSP | 8585 |
| 2 | Agastisvaram | 1 | 66.67 | Thanulingam Nadar. P | TTNC | 15587 | 52.34 | Balakrishnan. C | INC | 8866 | 29.77 | TTNC | 6721 |
| 3 | Nagercoil | 1 | 72.23 | Anantharaman. D | TTNC | 14063 | 43.14 | Sankar. C | CPI | 10468 | 32.11 | TTNC | 3595 |
| 4 | Neendakara | 1 | 68.19 | Chidambaranantha Nadar. A | TTNC | 20169 | 72.83 | Thomas. D | INC | 7525 | 27.17 | TTNC | 12644 |
| 5 | Padmanabhapuram | 1 | 66.02 | Noor Mohammed. N. A | TTNC | 14684 | 57.59 | Gregory Rajamony. V | IND | 7600 | 29.81 | TTNC | 7084 |
| 6 | Tiruvattar | 1 | 56.50 | Ramaswamy Pillai | TTNC | 18104 | 88.91 | Pakianathan | INC | 2258 | 11.09 | TTNC | 15846 |
| 7 | Colachel | 1 | 69.48 | Thompson Tharmaraj Daniel | TTNC | 15542 | 59.14 | Ramachandra Nadar | INC | 10738 | 40.86 | TTNC | 4804 |
| 8 | Killiyoor | 1 | 55.16 | Ponnappan Nadar | TTNC | 17113 | 85.61 | Gabriel | INC | 2877 | 14.39 | TTNC | 14236 |
| 9 | Vilavankod | 1 | 67.65 | William | TTNC | 17291 | 63.87 | G. S. Mony | CPI | 8274 | 30.56 | TTNC | 9017 |
| 10 | Kollenkode | 1 | 75.95 | Alexander Manuel Simon | TTNC | 17936 | 57.04 | Doraswamy | INC | 13509 | 42.96 | TTNC | 4427 |
| 11 | Parassala | 1 | 73.94 | Kunjan Nadar | TTNC | 11140 | 48.50 | Stuart (Isaac) | CPI | 8688 | 37.83 | TTNC | 2452 |
| 12 | Kunnathukal | 1 | 67.32 | Krishna Pillai | PSP | 11669 | 51.60 | D. Gana Sigamony | TTNC | 8616 | 38.10 | PSP | 3053 |
| 13 | Kottukal | 1 | 74.12 | Vivekanandan | IND | 11284 | 45.07 | Jacob Kadaksham | TTNC | 7044 | 28.14 | IND | 4240 |
| 14 | Nemom | 1 | 73.61 | Vishwambaran | PSP | 15582 | 64.32 | G. Chandrasekhara Pillai | INC | 8643 | 35.68 | PSP | 6939 |
| 15 | Neyyatinkara | 1 | 73.97 | M. Bhaskaran Nair | INC | 12742 | 53.08 | Krishna Pillai | PSP | 11265 | 46.92 | INC | 1477 |
| 16 | Karakulam | 1 | 66.57 | R. Balakrishna Pillai | CPI | 13635 | 63.17 | V. Kesavan Nair | INC | 7951 | 36.83 | CPI | 5684 |
| 17 | Palode | 1 | 64.93 | N. Chandrasekharan Nair | PSP | 12374 | 56.68 | K. Bhaskaran | INC | 9458 | 43.32 | PSP | 2916 |
| 18 | Nedumangad | 1 | 68.31 | K. Neelakantaru Pandarathil | CPI | 14514 | 68.78 | K. P. Alikunju | INC | 6588 | 31.22 | CPI | 7926 |
| 19 | Trivandrum I | 1 | 68.64 | Nataraja Pillai | PSP | 14121 | 57.64 | K. R. Elankath | INC | 10191 | 41.60 | PSP | 3930 |
| 20 | Trivandrum II | 1 | 68.90 | A. Thanu Pillai | PSP | 15130 | 62.57 | K. P. Neelakanta Pillai | IND | 7724 | 31.94 | PSP | 7406 |
| 21 | Trivandrum III | 1 | 60.98 | K. Balakrishnan | RSP | 13583 | 61.47 | C. R. Das | INC | 8112 | 36.71 | RSP | 5471 |
| 22 | Ollur | 2 | 130.13 (Two seats) |
Sreedharan P. Kunjan |
CPI PSP |
25660 24911 |
29.19 28.34 |
Gopi Krishna Sasthri |
INC INC |
17100 15792 |
19.45 17.96 |
CPI PSP |
- |
| 23 | Chirayinkil | 1 | 75.39 | U. Neelakantan | IND | 12841 | 51.96 | P. Nanu | INC | 11871 | 48.04 | IND | 970 |
| 24 | Attingal | 1 | 73.92 | R. Prakasam | CPI | 15342 | 60.74 | G. Krishna Pillai | INC | 9917 | 39.26 | CPI | 5425 |
| 25 | Varkala | 2 | 145.69 (Two seats) |
Kochukunju Majeed |
PSP IND |
30226 29956 |
30.68 30.41 |
Achutan K. Shahul Hameed |
INC INC |
19660 18670 |
19.96 18.95 |
PSP IND |
- |
| 26 | Paravur | 1 | 81.14 | Ravindran | CPI | 15551 | 56.56 | Gopala Pillai | INC | 11673 | 42.46 | CPI | 3878 |
| 27 | Eravipuram | 2 | 154.76 (Two seats) |
Chandrasekharan Sukumaran |
RSP CPI |
34038 33276 |
30.82 30.13 |
Fernandez Krishnan |
INC INC |
22341 20785 |
20.23 18.82 |
RSP CPI |
- |
| 28 | Quilon (SC) | 1 | 78.51 | T. K. Divakaran | RSP | 20063 | 59.09 | R. Sankar | INC | 13888 | 40.91 | RSP | 6175 |
| 29 | Trikkadavur | 1 | 79.16 | Prakkulam Bhasi | RSP | 16686 | 59.66 | Balakrishna Pillai | INC | 11157 | 39.89 | RSP | 5529 |
| 30 | Chavara | 1 | 84.87 | Baby John | RSP | 16552 | 53.53 | Kunju Krishnan | INC | 14377 | 46.48 | RSP | 2175 |
| 31 | Karunagappalli | 1 | 83.63 | A. A. Rahim | INC | 15983 | 51.19 | T. A. Moideen Kunju | IND | 15242 | 48.81 | INC | 741 |
| 32 | Krishnapuram | 1 | 79.02 | P. P. Kunju | PSP | 18835 | 62.14 | P. K. Lakshmanan | INC | 11478 | 37.86 | PSP | 7357 |
| 33 | Bharanikavu (SC) | 2 | 152.00 (Two seats) |
Bhaskaran Pillai Kuttappan |
CPI CPI |
39254 36469 |
32.81 30.48 |
Kandan Kali Raghavan |
INC INC |
22231 19283 |
18.58 16.12 |
CPI CPI |
- |
| 34 | Kunnathur | 2 | 154.05 (Two seats) |
Madhavan Pillai K. S. Krishna Sasthri |
CPI RSP |
29283 29002 |
27.49 27.23 |
Adichan Bhaskaran Nair |
INC INC |
23505 23436 |
22.07 22.00 |
CPI RSP |
- |
| 35 | Kottarakara | 1 | 76.00 | B. B. Pandarathil | RSP | 17659 | 61.46 | Raman Pillai | INC | 11073 | 38.54 | RSP | 6586 |
| 36 | Veliyam | 1 | 77.44 | Damodaran Potti | PSP | 16862 | 65.73 | Chandapillai Panicker | INC | 8791 | 34.27 | PSP | 8071 |
| 37 | Chadayamangalam | 1 | 69.68 | V. Gangadharan | PSP | 17291 | 69.31 | Muhammad | INC | 7657 | 30.69 | PSP | 9634 |
| 38 | Punalur | 1 | 78.47 | Gopalan | IND | 15574 | 56.16 | Padmanabha Pillai | INC | 12157 | 43.84 | IND | 3417 |
| 39 | Shencotta | 1 | 72.91 | K. Sattanatha Karayalar | IND | 14092 | 55.79 | Ramachandra Iyer | INC | 11166 | 44.21 | IND | 2926 |
| 40 | Pathanapuram | 1 | 81.27 | Velayudhan Nair | INC | 14172 | 51.32 | M. N. Govindhan Nair | CPI | 13445 | 48.68 | INC | 727 |
| 41 | Ranni | 1 | 82.14 | Idiculla Idiculla | PSP | 16485 | 57.12 | V. O. Markos | INC | 12377 | 42.88 | PSP | 4108 |
| 42 | Pathanamthitta | 1 | 77.01 | P. S. Vasudevan Pillai | INC | 13364 | 45.09 | P. Raman Pillai | IND | 12538 | 42.30 | INC | 826 |
| 43 | Omallur | 1 | 75.38 | N. G. Chacko | INC | 16625 | 56.24 | V. M. Kurien | PSP | 12935 | 43.76 | INC | 3690 |
| 44 | Ezhumattur | 1 | 81.50 | T. M. Varghese | INC | 14906 | 56.25 | Saramma Mathew | PSP | 11594 | 43.75 | INC | 3312 |
| 45 | Tiruvalla | 1 | 74.54 | Chandrasekharan Pillai. M. P | INC | 14421 | 52.53 | Mamman | PSP | 13032 | 47.47 | INC | 1389 |
| 46 | Chengannur | 2 | 141.35 (Two seats) |
Ramachandran Nair. C. K P. K. Kunjachan |
PSP CPI |
27757 27316 |
27.54 27.10 |
Ramachandra Das Velayudhan |
INC INC |
23930 21801 |
23.74 21.63 |
PSP CPI |
- |
| 47 | Kadapra | 1 | 71.12 | Parameswaran Nambudiri | PSP | 15817 | 53.76 | Sadasivan Pillai | INC | 13607 | 46.24 | PSP | 2210 |
| 48 | Mavelikara | 1 | 73.71 | R. Sankara Narayanan Tampi | CPI | 20746 | 63.51 | P. Balakrishnan Tampi | INC | 11792 | 36.10 | CPI | 8954 |
| 49 | Pattiyur | 1 | 78.45 | Yesodharan | RSP | 19142 | 63.13 | Bhanu | INC | 10276 | 33.89 | RSP | 8866 |
| 50 | Kartikapally | 1 | 78.44 | A. Achyuthen | PSP | 17863 | 59.20 | A. P. Udayabhanu | INC | 12309 | 40.80 | PSP | 5554 |
| 51 | Ambalapuzha | 1 | 73.39 | Narayanan Potti | RSP | 17486 | 63.63 | Sankara Pillai | INC | 9994 | 36.37 | RSP | 7492 |
| 52 | Alleppey I | 1 | 80.26 | K. C. George | CPI | 16703 | 54.16 | Balakrishnan Nair | INC | 14135 | 45.84 | CPI | 2568 |
| 53 | Alleppey II | 1 | 84.39 | T. V. Thomas | CPI | 18569 | 54.80 | Abdulla | INC | 15319 | 45.20 | CPI | 3250 |
| 54 | Mararikulam | 1 | 82.53 | R. Sugathan | CPI | 18447 | 56.32 | Karunakara Thandar | INC | 14308 | 43.68 | CPI | 4139 |
| 55 | Shertala | 1 | 75.95 | K. R. Gouri | CPI | 21042 | 63.16 | Aiyappan | INC | 12273 | 36.84 | CPI | 8769 |
| 56 | Turavur | 1 | 84.77 | Sadasivan | CPI | 16515 | 53.43 | P. S. Karthikeyan | INC | 14396 | 46.57 | CPI | 2119 |
| 57 | Arur | 1 | 78.00 | Aviratharaken | IND | 11504 | 36.96 | P. V. Varkey Tharakan | INC | 10832 | 34.80 | IND | 672 |
| 58 | Takazhi | 1 | 73.62 | Narayana Kurup | INC | 15205 | 55.75 | Kumara Pillai | RSP | 12069 | 44.25 | INC | 3136 |
| 59 | Kalloppara | 1 | 71.84 | Mathai | INC | 16219 | 60.42 | Mathew. K. A | PSP | 9633 | 35.88 | INC | 6586 |
| 60 | Manimala | 1 | 77.00 | Korah | INC | 14780 | 56.03 | Rosamma | IND | 11598 | 43.97 | INC | 3182 |
| 61 | Vazhur | 1 | 76.33 | Narayana Kurup | PSP | 14489 | 51.91 | Narayanan | INC | 13422 | 48.09 | PSP | 1067 |
| 62 | Kurichi | 1 | 81.59 | Sebastian | INC | 16659 | 54.60 | Thomas | IND | 13851 | 45.40 | INC | 2808 |
| 63 | Changanacherry | 1 | 70.47 | Parameswaran Pillai | INC | 16866 | 61.81 | Rajasekharan Nair | RSP | 10421 | 38.19 | INC | 6445 |
| 64 | Tiruvarppu | 1 | 84.29 | Raghava Kurup | CPI | 17523 | 52.10 | Kesava Panicker | INC | 16109 | 47.90 | CPI | 1414 |
| 65 | Kottayam | 1 | 84.19 | Bhaskaran Nair | CPI | 16955 | 52.49 | P. C. Cherian | INC | 15348 | 47.51 | CPI | 4.98 |
| 66 | Puthuppalli | 1 | 82.72 | Thomas | INC | 18742 | 59.71 | Zacharia | PSP | 12645 | 40.29 | INC | 6097 |
| 67 | Vijayapuram | 1 | 81.33 | Markose | INC | 18515 | 61.44 | Sreedharan Nair | IND | 11620 | 38.56 | INC | 6895 |
| 68 | Ettumanur | 1 | 82.25 | Sebastian | INC | 20625 | 63.08 | Abraham | PSP | 12070 | 36.92 | INC | 8555 |
| 69 | Ramapuram | 1 | 79.09 | Joseph | IND | 16779 | 58.28 | Sebastian | INC | 12011 | 41.72 | IND | 4768 |
| 70 | Meenachil | 1 | 76.46 | Prof.K.M. Chandy | INC | 18105 | 60.24 | Ulahannan | PSP | 11951 | 39.76 | INC | 6154 |
| 71 | Poonjar | 1 | 65.23 | John | INC | 17121 | 77.51 | Joseph | PSP | 4967 | 22.49 | INC | 12154 |
| 72 | Todupuzha | 1 | 60.97 | Chacko | INC | 13609 | 67.92 | Augustine | IND | 6427 | 32.08 | INC | 7182 |
| 73 | Devicolam | 2 | 125.63 (Two seats) |
Seshadrinatha Sarma Thankaiah |
TTNC TTNC |
28596 25853 |
25.78 23.31 |
Ganapathy Deviappan |
INC INC |
21266 20451 |
19.17 18.44 |
TTNC TTNC |
- |
| 74 | Kanjirappalli | 1 | 76.03 | Thomas (Son of Thomas) | INC | 13730 | 51.90 | Thomas (Son of Jacob) | PSP | 12239 | 46.32 | INC | 1491 |
| 75 | Vaikom | 1 | 79.05 | C. K. Viswanathan | CPI | 19367 | 56.75 | V. Madhavan | INC | 14760 | 43.25 | CPI | 4607 |
| 76 | Kaduthuruthi | 2 | 155.41 (Two seats) |
K. M. George T. T. Kesava Sasthri |
INC INC |
36739 36459 |
30.00 29.77 |
K. M. Kuriakose Sivadas |
PSP PSP |
25556 23706 |
20.87 19.36 |
INC INC |
- |
| 77 | Muvattupuzha | 1 | 82.36 | M. V. Cherian | INC | 21174 | 63.58 | K. T. Jacob | CPI | 11801 | 35.44 | INC | 9373 |
| 78 | Kumaramangalam | 1 | 71.28 | Mathew | INC | 18701 | 76.79 | Krishna Pillai | RSP | 5654 | 23.21 | INC | 13047 |
| 79 | Pallivasal | 1 | 67.18 | Joseph. V. J | INC | 16922 | 58.84 | Kuruvilla | CPI | 11837 | 41.16 | INC | 5085 |
| 80 | Kothyamangalam | 1 | 76.73 | Manjanatha Prabhu | PSP | 14887 | 50.18 | Varkey | INC | 14783 | 49.82 | PSP | 104 |
| 81 | Kunnatnad | 2 | 158.73 (Two seats) |
Chanko Kochukuttan |
INC INC |
35969 35039 |
28.85 28.10 |
Kesava Pillai Manian |
PSP PSP |
28550 25132 |
22.90 20.16 |
INC INC |
- |
| 82 | Palliviruthi | 1 | 77.31 | Alexander | INC | 18871 | 53.96 | Sivasankaran | IND | 16102 | 46.04 | INC | 2769 |
| 83 | Mattancheri | 1 | 67.67 | Anantha Bhatt | INC | 13628 | 54.09 | Gangadharan | CPI | 11567 | 45.91 | INC | 2061 |
| 84 | Kanayannur | 1 | 65.54 | Kumaran | INC | 12748 | 49.87 | Ramakrishnan | CPI | 12287 | 48.07 | INC | 461 |
| 85 | Elankulam | 1 | 76.75 | Padmanabha Menon | IND | 17404 | 53.68 | Pylee | INC | 15015 | 46.32 | IND | 2389 |
| 86 | Ernakulam | 1 | 75.96 | O.R.Chummar | INC | 17309 | 57.56 | Krishna Pillai | IND | 12760 | 42.44 | INC | 4549 |
| 87 | Narakkal | 1 | 84.72 | Abraham | INC | 18921 | 51.55 | Mathai | IND | 17783 | 48.45 | INC | 1138 |
| 88 | Alwaye | 1 | 78.62 | Bava | INC | 16891 | 54.38 | Abdul Khadir | IND | 14170 | 45.62 | INC | 2721 |
| 89 | Alangad | 1 | 78.14 | Gopala Menon | INC | 17439 | 50.85 | Raman Menon | PSP | 16855 | 49.15 | INC | 584 |
| 90 | Parur | 1 | 82.86 | Balan | CPI | 19102 | 51.21 | E. K. Madhavan | INC | 18198 | 48.79 | CPI | 904 |
| 91 | Perumbavur | 1 | 83.61 | Poulose | INC | 17416 | 54.98 | Ramakrishna Iyer | IND | 14263 | 45.02 | INC | 3153 |
| 92 | Kothakulangara | 1 | 77.53 | M. A. Antony | INC | 21774 | 71.23 | K. V. Parameswar | IND | 8793 | 28.77 | INC | 12981 |
| 93 | Cranganur | 1 | 79.95 | Abdul Khadir | INC | 15613 | 51.12 | Gopalakrishna Menon | CPI | 14931 | 48.88 | INC | 682 |
| 94 | Irinjalakkuda | 2 | 148.55 (Two seats) |
K. V. Balakrishnan Chathan Kavalan |
INC CPI |
30887 28833 |
26.59 24.82 |
Ittira Ambookan C. L. Davassy |
INC PSP |
28753 27708 |
24.75 23.85 |
INC CPI |
- |
| 95 | Chalakkudi | 1 | 81.43 | P. Govinda Menon | INC | 21236 | 62.99 | K. K. Thomas | IND | 12476 | 37.01 | 8760 | |
| 96 | Kodakara | 1 | 70.39 | P. Kesava Menon | PSP | 14649 | 55.60 | K. K. Kesavan | INC | 11696 | 44.40 | PSP | 2953 |
| 97 | Puthukkad | 1 | 80.63 | T. P. Sitaramayyar | INC | 15060 | 51.48 | C. Achuta Menon | CPI | 14196 | 48.52 | INC | 864 |
| 98 | Cherpu | 1 | 80.57 | Mundasssery Joseph | IND | 16844 | 52.34 | Krishnankutty Menon | INC | 15336 | 47.66 | IND | 1508 |
| 99 | Ollur | 1 | 67.74 | Krishnan Ponganammula | INC | 14930 | 54.10 | Soolapani Warrier | IND | 12667 | 45.90 | INC | 2263 |
| 100 | Manalur | 1 | 81.74 | Kannoth Karunakaran | INC | 16492 | 53.45 | Prabhakaran | CPI | 14365 | 46.55 | INC | 2127 |
| 101 | Trichur | 1 | 77.17 | Panengadan Anthony | INC | 14956 | 54.55 | Krishna Vilasom | CPI | 12463 | 45.45 | INC | 2493 |
| 102 | Viyyur | 1 | 69.06 | Krishna Vilasom | INC | 15261 | 53.40 | Brahmakulam Anthony | PSP | 13316 | 46.60 | INC | 1945 |
| 103 | Kunnamkulam | 1 | 74.36 | Thalekkare Krishnan | CPI | 15489 | 51.01 | Mathew Cheruvathur | INC | 14877 | 48.99 | CPI | 612 |
| 104 | Vadakkancheri | 2 | 123.49 (Two seats) |
Ayyappan Achutha Menon |
CPI INC |
25487 24578 |
26.54 25.60 |
Balakrishna Menon Koman |
PSP INC |
24073 21885 |
25.07 22.79 |
CPI INC |
- |
| 105 | Nemmara | 1 | 63.44 | Sivarama Bharathy. K. A | PSP | 11773 | 52.95 | Krishnan | INC | 10461 | 47.05 | PSP | 1312 |
| 106 | Chittur | 1 | 60.30 | A. R. Menon | INC | 11031 | 50.03 | Subramania Mudaliar | PSP | 7973 | 36.16 | INC | 3058 |
State reorganization and merger
On 1 November 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district (including Fort Cochin and the Laccadive Islands) of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, the five taluks of Agastheeswaram, Thovala, Kalkulam, Vilavahcode and Shencotta, were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to the Madras State.[3] After the reorganization, the assembly constituencies increased from 106 with 117 seats in 1954 to 114 with 126 seats in 1957.
See also
- 1954 elections in India
- Travancore-Cochin
- 1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election
- 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election in Malabar
- 1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
References
- ^ a b The Legislative Assembly of Travancore Cochin. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1954" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ "Travancore-Cochin Assembly elections in 1954". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ "Reorganisation of States, 1955" (PDF). The Economic Weekly. 15 October 1955. Retrieved 25 July 2015.