1828–29 United States Senate elections
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16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Jacksonian Hold Jacksonian Gain Anti-Jacksonian Hold Anti-Jacksonian Gain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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the 1828–29 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these United States Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, senators were chosen by State legislature United States. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1828 and 1829, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Jacksonian coalition, despite its leader's victory in the presidential election, lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition. Senators who called themselves "Anti-Jacksonian" or "National Republicans" were also called "Adams" or "Adams Men."
Results summary
Senate party division at the beginning of the 21st United States Congress (1829–1831)
- Majority party: Jacksonian 26
- Minority party: Anti-Jackson 22
- Total seats: 48
Change in composition
Before the elections
| A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | ||||||
| A14 | A13 | A12 | A11 | A10 | A9 | A8 | A7 | A6 | A5 |
| A15 | A16 | A17 Mass. Ran |
A18 N.H. Ran |
A19 R.I. Ran |
A20 La. Unknown |
A21 Ill. Retired |
J27 N.J. Resigned |
J26 Maine Retired |
J25 Del. Retired |
| Majority → | J24 Miss. Unknown | ||||||||
| J15 | J16 | J17 Ala. Ran |
J18 Ky. Ran |
J19 N.C. Ran |
J20 S.C. Ran |
J21 Tenn. Ran |
J22 Va. Ran |
J23 Ga. Unknown | |
| J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
| J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 | ||||||
As a result of the elections
| A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | ||||||
| A14 | A13 | A12 | A11 | A10 | A9 | A8 | A7 | A6 | A5 |
| A15 | A16 | A17 Mass. Re-elected |
A18 N.H. Re-elected |
A19 R.I. Re-elected |
A20 Del. Gain |
A21 Maine Gain |
A22 N.J. Gain |
J26 La. Gain |
J25 Ill. Gain |
| Majority → | J24 Miss. Hold | ||||||||
| J15 | J16 | J17 Ala. Re-elected |
J18 N.C. Re-elected |
J19 S.C. Re-elected |
J20 Tenn. Re-elected |
J21 Va. Re-elected |
J22 Ga. Hold |
J23 Ky. Hold | |
| J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
| J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 | ||||||
| Key: |
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Race summaries
Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the 20th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1828 or before March 4, 1829; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Georgia (Class 2) |
Thomas W. Cobb | Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Incumbent resigned before November 7, 1828. New senator elected November 7, 1828. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Ohio (Class 3) |
William Henry Harrison | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent resigned May 20, 1828 to become Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Colombia.[a] New senator elected December 10, 1828. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
|
| North Carolina (Class 3) |
Nathaniel Macon | Jacksonian | 1815 (special) 1818 1825 |
Incumbent resigned November 14, 1828. New senator elected December 15, 1828. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Maine (Class 1) |
Albion K. Parris | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent resigned August 26, 1828 when appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. New senator elected January 15, 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
| New York (Class 1) |
Martin Van Buren | Jacksonian | 1821 1827 |
Incumbent resigned December 20, 1828 to become Governor of New York. New senator elected January 15, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Ephraim Bateman | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (special) 1826 |
Incumbent resigned January 12, 1829 due to failing health. New senator elected January 30, 1829. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Races leading to the 21st Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1829; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | William R. King | Jacksonian | 1819 1822 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1828. |
|
| Delaware | Henry M. Ridgely | Jacksonian | 1827 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Georgia | Oliver H. Prince | Jacksonian | 1828 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Illinois | Jesse B. Thomas | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 1823 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Kentucky | Richard M. Johnson | Jacksonian | 1819 (special) 1823 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Louisiana | Dominique Bouligny | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1829.[3] Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Maine | John Chandler | Jacksonian | 1820 1823 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
|
| Massachusetts | Nathaniel Silsbee | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. |
|
| Mississippi | Thomas Hill Williams | Jacksonian | 1817 1823 |
Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1828. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| New Hampshire | Samuel Bell | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent re-elected in 1828 or 1829. |
|
| New Jersey | Mahlon Dickerson | Jacksonian | 1817 1823 |
Incumbent resigned January 30, 1829 when elected to the class 1 seat. New senator elected immediately thereafter on January 30, 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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| North Carolina | John Branch | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. |
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| Rhode Island | Nehemiah R. Knight | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 (special) 1823 |
Incumbent re-elected October 31, 1828. |
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| South Carolina | Robert Y. Hayne | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected in 1828. |
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| Tennessee | Hugh Lawson White | Jacksonian | 1825 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. |
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| Virginia | Littleton Tazewell | Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. |
|
Special elections during the 21st Congress
In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1829 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
John Eaton | Jacksonian | 1818 (appointed) 1819 (special) 1821 (failure to elect) 1821 (special) 1826 |
Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of War. New senator elected October 19, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| Georgia (Class 3) |
John M. Berrien | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Attorney General. New senator elected November 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
|
| North Carolina (Class 2) |
John Branch | Jacksonian | 1822 1828 |
Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New senator elected December 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold. |
|
Alabama
Delaware
Georgia
Georgia had three elections in this cycle.
Georgia (regular)
Georgia (special, class 2)
Georgia (special, class 3)
Illinois
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maine had two elections in this cycle.
Maine (regular)
Maine (special)
Massachusetts
Massachusetts had two elections in this cycle.
Massachusetts (regular)
Massachusetts (special)
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Jersey had two elections in this cycle.
New Jersey (regular)
New Jersey (special)
New York (special)
North Carolina
North Carolina had three elections in this cycle.
North Carolina (regular)
North Carolina (special, class 2)
North Carolina (special, class 3)
Ohio (special)
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Tennessee had two elections in this cycle.
Tennessee (regular)
Tennessee (special)
Virginia
See also
Notes
- ^ Now the United States Ambassador to Colombia.
References
- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ Journal of the Proceedings of the Legislative-Council of the State of New Jersey. Vol. 53. 1929. p. 30.
- ^ "The Hon. Edward Livingston, at present a member of Congress from the State of Louisiana, was on the 12th ult. appointed by the Legislature of that State, a Senator in Congress, vice Mr. Bouligny, whose term of service expires on the 3d of March next". Raleigh Register. Raleigh, NC. February 6, 1829. p. 3.
- ^ Journal of the Proceedings of the Legislative-Council of the State of New Jersey. Vol. 53. 1929. p. 31.
- ^ J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State (1914). Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers. p. 149.
Sources
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov