Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

.tel

tel
Introduced2005
TLD typeSponsored top-level domain
StatusApproved
RegistryTelnames Limited
SponsorTelnames Limited
Intended useContact Details
Registration restrictionsNone
StructureDirect second-level registrations are permitted; single digits and single-numeric domains are restricted
DocumentsICANN New sTLD RFP Application, Policies
Dispute policiesUDRP, Sunrise dispute resolution procedure[1]
Registry websiteTelnames
Telnic logo

The domain name .tel is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. It was approved by ICANN as a sponsored top-level domain, and is operated by Telnic.[2] Telnic announced in January 2011 that over 300,000 domains had been registered since the start of general availability on 24 March 2009. A substantial drop of mostly IDN .tel's occurred at the beginning of 2014. The total number of registered websites under .tel as of 9 October 2023 is approximately 43,227.[3]

The domain's purpose is to provide a single name space for Internet communications services. Subdomain registrations serve as a single point of contact for individuals and businesses, providing a global contact directory service by hosting all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System, without the need to build, host or manage a traditional web service. Additionally, as of July 2010, every .tel domain acts as an OpenID and an increasing number of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) clients can address a .tel domain name directly.[4] The TLD implementation also supports the hCard micro-format.[5]

Administration of domains

Telnic started publicly accepting applications for name registrations on 3 February 2009 after a closed Sunrise period for trademark holders. Information in .tel can be controlled by the owner through a website control panel that Telnic has created for registrars to provide to their customers, or through free clients for BlackBerry, Microsoft Outlook, iPhone, Android and some third party VoIP softphone clients. With the introduction of support for OAuth in July 2010, however, new third-party clients and services are available to tel registrants for publishing records to their domains securely, including the possibility of editing information offline via SMS gateways.[6] The control panel is an open source application, and can be changed or completely replaced by registrars, as the application programming interfaces required to manage tel information in the DNS were released by Telnic in October 2008.

When viewed over the Web, all tel domains point directly to a Telnic proxy webpage that is populated on the fly presenting the respective domain name owner's contact data stored within the DNS. tel domains can also be accessed without opening a browser on many devices through open source applications[7] or through direct DNS lookups.

Since 13 March 2017 additionally other name servers could be set for tel domains, which allows administration of domain name system records. Now tel domains behave like ordinary domains and could be used for web hosting and email.

Technical overview

In contrast to other top-level domains, .tel information is stored directly within the Domain Name System (DNS), within the actual domain name record, as opposed to the DNS simply returning details (such as IP addresses) of the machines on which information can be found. For example, users who register a .tel domain using Telnic name servers cannot create a type A Resource Record with the IP address of their own host. A user who wants to host a web site or run an own web server has to set own or providers' name servers.

As Telnic has enabled the DNS records to be encrypted using 1024-bit RSA with PKCS#1.5 padding[8] and stored in sub-folders which are hidden until paired with a public private key handshake with individuals, there is protection from spammers. As .tel also supports any type of contact information, concierge services like temporary email addresses, temporary telephone numbers and so on can all be utilized for additional protection of public information.

Reliability of data

The .tel TLD was released to trademark holders only until 3 February 2009, perhaps suggest that the resulting database of contact information can somehow be trusted as the official contact information of the rightful owner of those trademarks. However, after the short period of registrations restricted to trademark holders only (the Sunrise period[9]), anyone willing to pay a premium price was allowed to buy any domain name (the Landrush period[10]) regardless of who owned the trademark.

Furthermore, during General Availability,[11] anyone is able to register any name (assuming that it is available for registration) without paying a premium price.

The information held under the .tel domain is no more accurate or trustworthy than any other user defined data held in the DNS. It will be down to individual .tel owners to choose what they wish to store there.

As with all other gTLDs, trademark owners can utilize the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) to claim trademarked domains back.

Differences from domain .mobi

Since some of the services that are expected to use tel domains can be achieved on mobile telephones, there may be overlap with the intended use of the mobi domain, which was also approved by ICANN in the same round.

However, .tel is about publishing contact data: phone numbers, SIP addresses and so on directly in the DNS, not on HTML-based websites.,[12] whereas the focus of the .mobi domain is providing web sites and other content formatted specifically for the user interface available on mobile phones and other mobile devices.

Alternative usage proposal

Pulver.com (operated by Jeff Pulver) also submitted an application[13] for the .tel TLD, but had a different intent. This proposal involved telephone number style numeric identifiers. Alternative viewpoints claimed that this either complemented or conflicted with telephone number mapping (ENUM). Purely numeric identifiers have now been approved for release by Telnic[14] and will be released later in 2011, with the restriction that single-digit .tel domains be withheld in order to avoid confusion with ENUM.

References

  1. ^ "Telnic | FAQ". Telnic.org. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  2. ^ "Telnic web site". Telnic.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2001. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  3. ^ "Domain Count Statistics for TLDs". DomainTools. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  4. ^ "voipGATE show off new .tel-powered apps at UCExpo « Telnic's Blog". Telnic.org. 11 March 2010. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  5. ^ "Telnic increases .tel data portabilitywith hCard, OAuth and OpenID" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  6. ^ "Editing published information". Twitter. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  7. ^ "Telnic | Software". Dev.telnic.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  8. ^ "Protecting .tel Contact Data" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  9. ^ "Sunrise". Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  10. ^ "Landrush". Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  11. ^ "General availability". Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  12. ^ K. Mahdavi (6 May 2006). "Telnic's response to Neil Edwards' comments" (PDF). Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  13. ^ – New sTLD RFP Application .tel-Pulver Part B. Application Form
  14. ^ "ICANN approves short and numeric-only .tel domain names" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tel