Ólafsson is a surname of Icelandic origin, that means son of Ólafur. In Icelandic names, the name is not strictly a surname, but a patronymic. The name refers to:

• Bragi Ólafsson (born 1962), Icelandic musician and writer
• Eggert Ólafsson (1726–1768), Iceland explorer and writer; conservator of the Icelandic language
• Friðrik Ólafsson (born 1935), Icelandic chess grandmaster
• Gunnsteinn Ólafsson (born 1962), Icelandic orchestra and opera conductor
• Hössi Ólafsson (born 1977), Icelandic rapper and actor
• Jón Ólafsson (1850–1916), Icelandic journalist and poet
• Kjartan Ólafsson (disambiguation), various people
• Logi Ólafsson (born 1954), Icelandic professional football coach
• Magnús Óláfsson (disambiguation), various people
• Ólafur Jóhann Ólafsson (born 1962), Icelandic writer and businessman; executive vice president of Time Warner
• Víkingur Ólafsson (born 1984), Icelandic pianist.