Namewee
Namewee | |||||||||||
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黄明志 | |||||||||||
Born | Wee Meng Chee 6 May 1983 | ||||||||||
Alma mater | Ming Chuan University | ||||||||||
Occupations |
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Years active | 2007–present | ||||||||||
Partner | Sarah (2010–present) | ||||||||||
Parents |
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Musical career | |||||||||||
Genres | |||||||||||
Instruments | |||||||||||
YouTube information | |||||||||||
Channel | |||||||||||
Years active | 2006–present | ||||||||||
Subscribers | 3.62 million [1] (April 2024) | ||||||||||
Total views | 1,514,286,792[1] (29 Aug 2022) | ||||||||||
Network | WebTVAsia[2] | ||||||||||
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Last updated: 2022-08-29 | |||||||||||
Wee Meng Chee | |||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 黃明志 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 黄明志 | ||||||||||
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Namewee | |||||||||||
Chinese | 明志 | ||||||||||
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Wee Meng Chee (Chinese: 黃明志; pinyin: Huáng Míngzhì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ûiⁿ Bêng-chì; born 6 May 1983), better known by his stage name Namewee (/ˈneɪmwiː/), is a Malaysian hip hop recording artist, composer, filmmaker and actor. His stage name is a bilingual pun on his first name, the English term for 'name' (Chinese: 名字; pinyin: míngzi).
Wee gained popularity after releasing a controversial song titled "Negarakuku", a remake of the national anthem of Malaysia, "Negaraku". The word kuku resembles the word for 'penis' in Hokkien. In the weeks following the song's release, it drew criticism from Malaysian society. Despite the controversy surrounding "Negarakuku", Wee released his first, self-titled EP, Namewee (Chinese: 明志), in Malaysia on 3 September 2007. The album was completed in May and does not contain "Negarakuku".
In early 2010, he released his first film titled Nasi Lemak 2.0. Subsequently, he released Hantu Gangster and Kara King, which were released in 2012 and 2013, respectively. He also started a talk show series on YouTube, Namewee Tokok, in September 2012. He was nominated for the Best Male Vocal Mandarin award at the Golden Melody Award in 2016 and 2017. In August 2016, he was arrested by police for filming a music video, featuring performers dressed as religious leaders going about a church, a mosque and a Chinese temple, which allegedly insulted the dignity of Islam.[3]
Namewee is a controversial figure in Malaysian Chinese music. He first gained mainstream popularity with his song "You're Not Red" (Chinese: 你不紅). In subsequent years, several other songs also gained attention outside Malaysia, such as "Thai Love Song" (Chinese: 泰國情哥), "High Pitch" (Chinese: 飆高音) "Stranger in the North" (Chinese: 漂向北方) and "Tokyo Bon 2020" (Japanese: 東京盆踊り2020). Currently, over 125 of his tracks (including those which have been removed from his YouTube channel) have over 1 million views.[4]
Wee has since been banned in Mainland China as a result of the song and music video "Fragile" (Chinese: 玻璃心), a collaboration with Taiwan-based Australian singer Kimberley Chen which went viral in October 2021.[5][6]
Early life
Born and raised up in the town of Muar, Johor, Malaysia, Wee was educated in SRJK Chung Hwa 1B and Chung Hwa High School.[7]
While in secondary school, he wrote his first 400 songs. Around the same time, Wee and a few good friends formed a band named Aunt Band (Chinese: 大娘乐队) and won several competitions. He had also released several songs, along with complementary music videos on YouTube, which include Muar's Mandarin (Chinese: 麻坡的华语) and Kawanku (Malay for 'My friends'), the latter sparking controversy being mistook by many as a song targeting Malaysian Chinese, Malays and Singaporeans.
Wee went to Taiwan for higher education, a common destination for ethnic Chinese who cannot enter Malaysian universities due to educational and racial policies.[8] He studied mass communication as an undergraduate at Ming Chuan University in Taoyuan between 2002 and 2006.[7]
Career
Namewee's work commonly touches on themes of multiculturalism and multiracialism, Malaysian identity and issues, and Sinosphere/Sinophone cultural experiences.[9][10]
His debut song, "Muar Mandarin" (2006), advocates for pride in his hometown's non-standard mixed culture, such as its unique dialect of Mandarin Chinese.[11]
In 2007, Namewee's video "Negarakuku" was released and quickly went viral, gaining 400,00 views in a month. The song, a parody of the Malaysian national anthem "Negaraku" (punning on the Hokkien profanity "kuku", meaning penis) sparked controversy over its irreverent lyrics about the country's politics, which some deemed as mocking the government, ethnic Malays and Islam. However, Namewee and others challenged this view, stating that the song was meant to comment on the facets of Malaysian life in a satirical way and not to insult anyone. Then-culture minister Rais Yatim asked Namewee to publicly apologize, and he was questioned a year later when he returned to Malaysia after graduation.[12]
A small controversy erupted when a three-part video Teacher Hew's ABC Time (Chinese: 邱老師 ABC 時間), directed by Wee was released. In the video, a close friend of Wee, known as teacher Hew, introduces the English alphabet from an adult-oriented perspective. It soon became notorious from its heavy use of profanity as well as orgasm sounds, and the board of directors of Chung Hwa High School decided to sue Wee, as the video was filmed in the school compound, but the lawsuit was later dropped.
In July 2009, Namewee composed the theme and ending songs for Singaporean film Where Got Ghost? which was released on 13 August 2009.
He acted as the principal cast in Potong Saga[13] and as the supporting cast in Meter.[14]
Namewee also made a video clip in the late of October 2009, titled Namewee fuck TNB.[15] In the video, Namewee's house and Muar suffer a blackout at night, but the local TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) branch office remains lit, while his brother is sitting for the examinations the following day, so Wee goes to TNB to look for answers, but the ensuing quarrel leads the security guards to escort him out of the facility. After that, Wee scolds TNB and tells them to 'go back to sleep'. The ending song is dedicated to attacking TNB, parodically insulting 'TNB' ('Tenaga Nasional Berhad') as "Tiu Nia Bu", foul language in Hokkien.
In May 2010, Wee made a music video Handicap Goal, featuring himself and his friends, including teacher Hew, to celebrate the 2010 FIFA World Cup by playing football with women.[16]
On 26 August 2010, Wee made a music video titled Nah! 2010 posting on YouTube criticising a school principal in Kulai, who was reported to have made racist remarks during a school assembly on 12 August 2010. The clip contained obscene language condemning the school principal and the Education Ministry.[17] However, Wee was asked to give a statement in Kuala Lumpur police station and also Cyberjaya Investigation Unit for two times later.
In September 2010, he published another video I Am Who I Am (Chinese: 我還是我), depicting his past experiences and determination to pursue his dream with no return despite having obstacles.[18]
In October 2010, Namewee was officially invited to attend the Busan International Film Festival in South Korea.
Wee released his first film Nasi Lemak 2.0—which he starred in and directed—in September 2011.[19] The movie gained major success in Malaysia, grossing over RM7 million.
In September 2011, a public service announcement video titled Undilah,[20] encouraging Malaysian citizens to vote, was released by Pete Teo. Namewee composed part of the music and rap lyrics as well as appearing in the video, featuring various other local celebrities and politicians.
He starred in Petaling Street Warriors, which was released in December 2011.[21]
After the success of Nasi Lemak 2.0 and Petaling Street Warriors, Namewee started off with his another directorial work, Hantu Gangster. The film was filmed in Klang and was released on 9 August 2012.[22][23]
Namewee uploaded a video about Lynas, and talked about Australian and Kangaroo in the video, on 28 February 2012.[24]
On 25 September 2012, he officially launched an online talk show entitled Namewee Tokok,[25] hoping through this program, the Malaysian could have a different perspective on viewing various issues and news in Malaysia as the mass media of the country was consolidated by the government.
In 2014, Namewee established RED People, a group of Internet personnel, and was also involved in composing Joyce Chu's song Malaysia Chabor.
On 22 April 2017, Namewee uploaded a song on YouTube named "18X PAPAPA" (Chinese: 18X禁歌啪啪啪),[26] reaching more than 8 million views in 2 months and becoming the 2nd most popular song to the group of 7–12 years old students according to research. Namewee's fans commented that although the song was only for 18+, they enjoyed it and kept replaying the song.
To remember the 10th anniversary on 20 May 2017 since he started uploading his songs on YouTube, Namewee released a music video titled Muar Mandarin 2017 Official MV (Chinese: 麻坡的華語10週年紀念版), featuring various places including the Wetex, 8th avenue, etc., in his birthplace Muar, a city in Johor, Malaysia. It was an instant hit, reaching more than one million views on YouTube in one month.
In July 2020, Namewee debuted a music video of his song "Five Hundred" (Chinese: 五百), which is a rock song made in the style of and a tribute to Taiwanese Wu Bai (Chinese: 伍佰) and his band China Blue. While Wu Bai does not appear in the video, a group of impersonators portray him and the band China Blue.
On 22 August 2021, Namewee published an article about the Taliban's eight suggestions for seizing the regime of Afghanistan on Weibo. Unexpectedly, he was insulted by Chinese netizens resulted in his Weibo account was blocked and he became the first Malaysian artist who was blocked by China. In October, Namewee's "Fragile" (Chinese: 玻璃心), collaborated with Taiwan-based Australian singer Kimberley Chen, garnered over 10 million YouTube views in six days since upload.[27] The song satirizes the social issues in China, the political status of Taiwan, the Xinjiang internment camps, censorship in China, as well as the Little Pinks' response.[28][29][30] The singers were banned from Mainland China as a result of the song.[31][32]
Collaboration with other artists
Namewee featured Wang Leehom in a song titled "Stranger in the North" (Chinese: 漂向北方),[33] which was released on YouTube on 4 March 2017. As of 30 September 2018, the video has garnered more than 135 million views, the highest that Wee has ever achieved in producing and composing the song. It describes the life of migrant workers in Beijing, and is also a reflection of his personal journey in making a name for himself in Taiwan when he started out.[34]
On 21 October 2017, he released another music video with the same title Stranger in the North, a KTV version featuring Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actress G.E.M. It has also received widespread popularity and amassed over 25 million views by end of September 2018.[35]
Wee also featured Japanese actress and singer Meu Ninomiya (Japanese: 二宮芽生) in a song titled "Tokyo Bon 2020" (Japanese: 東京盆踊り2020),[36] which was released on YouTube on 19 November 2017 and has garnered more than 30 million views in less than a year. Written and composed by Namewee in collaboration with Cool Japan TV, the video combines the elements of traditional Japanese instruments, Okinawa music style and Bon dance with foreign music, describing a clueless Asian tourist wandering on the streets of Tokyo and his amusing interaction with a Japanese high school girl who speaks Japanglish.[37]
On 17 March 2018, he published another music video with the title Rain In Ho Chi Minh featuring Vietnam singer-songwriter Hồ Quang Hiếu.
In collaboration with the Department of Information and Tourism, Taipei City Government, Wee produced a video titled Fun Taipei Funny Ads on 25 August 2018,[38] introducing viewers to Taipei travels and featuring Amoi-Amoi, a girl group composed of ET Wang from Taiwan, and May Ng, Stella Chen and Hong ShaoQi from Malaysia.[39]
On 23 January 2020, Namewee released a single and music video titled China Reggaeton featuring Hong Kong actor Anthony Wong.[40] In 2024, Namewee collaborated with Wong again for his single, 'Za Fit'.[40]
Detention and arrest
On 2 August 2016, it was reported that Penang police were planning to arrest him as soon as he returned from a trip abroad over a potential charge stemmed from his controversial music video Oh my God that allegedly insulted Islam.[41] Prior to his detention, Namewee published a video on YouTube on 21 August 2016 titled Surrender, depicting himself stripping naked (with his genitals censored) to show that he has no visible or existing injuries prior to his detention.[42]
As planned, police detained him upon his arrival at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on 21 August 2016[43] and remanded him in the following day after the magistrates' court granted a remand order for four days to investigate the case under Section 295 of the Penal Code for injuring or defiling a place of worship with intent to insult the religion.[44] On 25 August 2016, Namewee was freed on bail after the magistrates' court had refused to extend his arrest in view of his suffering from stomach ulcers.[45]
On 22 February 2018, Namewee was detained by police for a day to facilitate investigations on his music video Like a Dog, in which he and other individuals dance allegedly indecently in front of Perdana Putra, the office complex of the Prime Minister of Malaysia.[46] Namewee released a video refuting charges made against him, principally that the dance video had been staged in front of a mosque.[47]
On 12 March 2021, Namewee, who at that point had resided in Taipei for seven months, released a video saying he intended to return to Malaysia and predicted that he would be detained there, over a complaint stemming from racial tensions being depicted in his film Babi.[48] On 15 March 2021, the Malay Mail reported that Namewee had been detained for two hours after passing immigration at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and is due to surrender himself to police custody at their Bukit Aman headquarters after a seven-day quarantine.[49]
April 2022 hacking incident
In early April 2022, the YouTube channel which Namewee had maintained for some 13 years, and which had over 3 million subscribers was hacked, with its contents cleared and its title replaced by profanities in Russian language. He was later able to retrieve some of the content.[50]
Discography
Album
# | Title | Released | Production | Label | Track |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Ho Ho Yeah 好好嘢新歌+精選 |
September 21, 2010 | WebTVAsia | WebTVAsia | Tracks
|
2nd | Asia Most Wanted 亞洲通緝 |
February 2, 2013 | WebTVAsia | Warner Music Taiwan Ltd. | Tracks
|
3rd | Asian Killer 亞洲通殺 |
July 7, 2015 | The Dow Culture and Creative Company | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
4th | Cross Over Asia 亞洲通車 |
December 30, 2016 | The Dow Culture and Creative Company | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
5th | All Eat Asia 亞洲通吃 |
December 30, 2017 | The Dow Culture and Creative Company | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
6th | Ultimatum to Asia 亞洲通牒 |
December 21, 2018 | Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
7th | Calling Asia 亞洲通話 |
December 5, 2019 | Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
8th | Asia Polymath 亞洲通才 |
December 1, 2020 | Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
9th | Ghosician 鬼才做音樂 |
January 11, 2022 | Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
10th | High Definition & Uncensored 高清無碼 |
December 7, 2022 | Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
11th | Weenomenon 我們都是黃明志 |
November 30, 2023 | Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Avex Trax | Tracks
|
EP
# | Title | Released | Production | Label | Track |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Namewee 明志 |
September 3, 2007 | WebTVAsia | WebTVAsia | Tracks
|
Live recording album
# | Title | Published | Production | Label | Track |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Namewee 4896 World Tour Live 黃明志4896世界巡迴演唱會Live全紀錄 |
March 27, 2020 (On streaming services) |
Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Asian Tone Cultural and Creative Industry | Tracks
|
Filmography
Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | Nasi Lemak 2.0 | Hero Huang (黃大俠) | ||
Petaling Street Warriors | Liu Kun (劉坤) | |||
2012 | Hantu Gangster | Te Sai (豬屎) | ||
2013 | Kara King (冠軍歌王) | Bone (骨头) | ||
2014 | Banglasia | Han-Guoren (韓國仁) | ||
2015 | Kungfu Taboo | |||
2016 | The Big Power (大顯神威) | |||
2017 | Old Town Story | |||
2019 | Friend Zone | Bellboy | Cameo role, Thai film | |
2019 | Missbehaviour | |||
2020 | BABI (你是豬) | |||
2022 | Nasi Lemak 1.0 | Hero Huang | ||
2024 | All In (撲克王者) | Huang Xiaoqi | [51] |
Concert tours
- Namewee 4896 World Tour (2017–2019)
- Our Voices in... (2018–2019)
- Namewee Big Bird Tour (2023–?)
See also
References
- ^ a b "About Namewee". YouTube.
- ^ 顏凡裴 (17 October 2020). "【全文】捧紅黃明志WEBTVASIA爆財務危機 百萬網紅遭積欠分潤收益". 鏡週刊. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ "Malaysia's culture of tolerance is under threat". The Economist. 24 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
- ^ Namewee's million view songs YouTube playlist, 29 October 2019, retrieved 8 November 2019
- ^ Backhouse, Andrew (19 October 2021). "'Insulting': Singers instantly banned in China". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ Hsia, Hsiao-hwa (21 October 2021). "'Fragile' song pillorying China's online troll army gets millions of views". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ a b "What the *&%^*& – here's the Namewee you didn't expect". Yahoo News. 15 September 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- ^ Chan 2021, p. 253.
- ^ Chan 2021, pp. 256, 258; Tan 2023, pp. 103–104.
- ^ Chong Yoke Ming (30 January 2018). "Between controversy, virality and popularity: an interview with Namewee". Bandwagon. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
- ^ Chan 2021, pp. 253–254; Tan 2023, p. 103.
- ^ Tan 2023, pp. 91–92.
- ^ "Short Film Clip|Potong Saga". 15Malaysia. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ "Short Film Clip|Meter". 15Malaysia. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ "Namewee fuck TNB|停電了!黃明志大鬧國家能源局|Video clip". YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ 放半粒 – 黃明志|Official Fifa World Cup 2010 Song (Handicap Goal) by Namewee|video clip.
- ^ "Chua calls for action against racism". www.thesundaily.my. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ 我還是我 I AM WHO I AM by Namewee 黃明志好好野專輯主打|video clip
- ^ "Nasi Lemak 2.0 辣死你媽 電影發佈會 Namewee黃明志在NTV7". YouTube. 26 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ "UNDILAH – English (Namewee Afdlin Shauki Kuli Pete Teo)". YouTube. 14 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ "Petaling Street Warriors" Full Trailer Lands". Yahoo! News. 24 October 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
- ^ "Hantu Gangster". cinema.com.my. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
- ^ "Rapper-director Namewee goes on a gangster haunt". The Star. 20 December 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "Namewee Fuck Lynas - Good day to die 美好的一天-黃明志". 28 February 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2019 – via YouTube.
- ^ "[Namewee Tokok] 001 First Show! 開張大吉! 26-09-2012". 25 September 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2019 – via YouTube.
- ^ Namewee (22 April 2017), Namewee黃明志18X禁歌【啪啪啪 PAPAPA 】- 蔡阿嘎&雪碧特別演出 @亞洲通吃2018專輯 All Eat Asia, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 30 September 2018
- ^ "Breaking online Chinese nationalist hearts, 'Fragile' goes viral in Taiwan, HK - Focus Taiwan". focustaiwan.tw (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ Hsia, Hsiao-hwa (21 October 2021). "'Fragile' song pillorying China's online troll army gets millions of views". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
- ^ Mair, Victor (22 October 2021). "Your Pinky Heart". Language Log. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
- ^ "Chinese nationalist taunt hits YouTube heights". Taipei Times. 24 October 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
- ^ Backhouse, Andrew (19 October 2021). "'Insulting': Singers instantly banned in China". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ "'Fragile' song pillorying China's online troll army gets millions of views". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ Namewee (4 March 2017), 黃明志Namewee feat. 王力宏 Leehom Wang【漂向北方 Stranger In The North 】@CROSSOVER ASIA 2017亞洲通車專輯, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 5 October 2017
- ^ "Wang LeeHom Releases First 2 Tracks From New Album #AI". Hype Malaysia. 15 September 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ^ Namewee (21 October 2017), 黃明志Namewee feat. 鄧紫棋 G.E.M.【漂向北方 Stranger In The North 】KTV Version 包廂版, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 30 September 2018
- ^ Namewee (19 November 2017), Tokyo Bon 東京盆踊り2020 (Makudonarudo) Namewee 黃明志 ft.Cool Japan TV @亞洲通吃2018專輯 All Eat Asia, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 30 September 2018
- ^ "Namewee wishes to bring his 'Tokyo Bon 2020' song to Tokyo Olympics". Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ Namewee (25 August 2018), Fun Taipei Funny Ads 旅客請小心台北帥哥! Namewee黃明志台北觀光廣告 ft.AMOi-AMOi, retrieved 30 September 2018
- ^ 北市府網站管理員 (28 August 2018). "New Clip Promoting Taipei Tourism by Namewee Goes Live". Taipei City Government. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ a b "'In remembrance of our lost youth': Namewee teams up with Anthony Wong for music video hailing Young and Dangerous movies". AsiaOne. 28 June 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
- ^ "Police to arrest Namewee over Oh My God probe - Nation | The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ "[Namewee Tokok] 062 Surrender 自首 Serah Diri 21-08-2016". YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
- ^ Tan, Royce. "Namewee arrested - Nation | The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ Tan, Christopher; Shiying, Crystal Chiam. "Namewee remanded for four days - Nation | The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ "Malaysian rapper freed after being held for insulting Islam". Channel NewsAsia. 25 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
- ^ "Namewee arrested over controversial CNY video".
- ^ "Clarification on the Like A Dog music video by Namewee". YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021.
- ^ Yang, Sophia (13 March 2021). "Rapper in Taipei prepares for detention on return to Malaysia". Taiwan News. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ Looi, Sylvia (15 March 2021). "Controversial rapper Namewee returns to Malaysia, pledges full cooperation with police over Babi (VIDEO) | Malay Mail". www.malaymail.com. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ Chow, Vivienne (8 April 2022). "Hacking of Namewee's YouTube Account Follows Criticism of War in Ukraine". Variety. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ "All In". Cinema Online. 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ Namewee at hkmdb.com
- ^ Namewee at chinesemov.com
Bibliography
- Chan, Brenda (15 March 2021). "13: Language, Identities and Resistance: Comparing Two Ethnic Chinese Rappers from Malaysia and Singapore". In Hoon, Chang-Yau; Chan, Ying-kit (eds.). Contesting Chineseness: Ethnicity, Identity, and Nation in China and Southeast Asia. Springer Nature. pp. 239–261. ISBN 978-981-336-096-9.
- Tan, E. K. (12 October 2023). "5: Sinopop - The Case of Namewee / Wee Meng Chee". In Bachner, Andrea; Chiang, Howard; Lee, Yu-lin (eds.). Sinoglossia. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 91–109. ISBN 978-988-8805-71-6.