Walckenaeria
| Walckenaeria | |
|---|---|
| |
| Walckenaeria acuminata from Commanster, Belgian High Ardennes | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Linyphiidae |
| Genus: | Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833[1] |
| Type species | |
| W. acuminata Blackwall, 1833 | |
| Species | |
|
195, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Walckenaeria is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by John Blackwall in 1833.[4] It is a senior synonym of Paragonatium,[3] as well as Wideria, Cornicularia, Prosopotheca, Tigellinus, and Trachynella.[2]
Some males in this group have eyes set up on mounds or turrets. In extreme cases, several eyes are on a stalk taller than the carapace itself.[citation needed]
Species
As of September 2020 it contains 195 species and two subspecies:[1]
- W. abantensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Albania, Greece, Turkey
- W. aberdarensis (Holm, 1962) – Kenya
- W. acuminata Blackwall, 1833 (type) – Europe, Caucasus, Iran
- W. aenea Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. afur Thaler, 1984 – Canary Is.
- W. aksoyi Seyyar, Demir & Türkes, 2008 – Turkey
- W. alba Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
- W. allopatriae Jocqué & Scharff, 1986 – Tanzania
- W. alticeps (Denis, 1952) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Iran
- W. anceps Millidge, 1983 – Canada
- W. angelica Millidge, 1979 – Italy
- W. angustifrons (Simon, 1884) – France
- W. antica (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kyrgyzstan, China, Korea, Japan
- W. aprilis Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. arcana Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. arctica Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 – China
- W. atrotibialis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1878) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
- W. auranticeps (Emerton, 1882) – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), Canada, USA
- W. aurata Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. baborensis Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
- W. basarukini Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far East)
- W. bifasciculata Tanasevitch, 1987 – Azerbaijan, Armenia
- W. bifida Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. blanda Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. breviaria (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA
- W. brevicornis (Emerton, 1882) – USA
- W. brucei (Tullgren, 1955) – Sweden
- W. camposi Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- W. capito (Westring, 1861) – Canada, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Korea
- W. carolina Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. castanea (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada, Greenland
- W. cavernicola Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- W. chikunii Saito & Ono, 2001 – Korea, Japan
- W. chiyokoae Saito, 1988 – Japan
- W. christae Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece
- W. cirriceps Thaler, 1996 – Greece, Turkey
- W. clavicornis (Emerton, 1882) – North America, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Mongolia, Japan
- W. claviloba Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
- W. clavipalpis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. cognata Holm, 1984 – Tanzania
- W. columbia Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. communis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
- W. coniceps Thaler, 1996 – Greece
- W. coreana (Paik, 1983) – Korea
- W. corniculans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey
- W. cornuella (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – USA, Canada
- W. cretaensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
- W. crocata (Simon, 1884) – Canary Is., Algeria
- W. crocea Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. crosbyi (Fage, 1938) – Costa Rica
- W. cucullata (C. L. Koch, 1836) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
- W. cuspidata Blackwall, 1833 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)
- Walckenaeria c. brevicula (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA, Canada, Greenland
- Walckenaeria c. obsoleta Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894 – Hungary
- W. cyprusensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Cyprus
- W. dahaituoensis Song & Li, 2011 – China
- W. dalmasi (Simon, 1915) – Portugal, Spain, France
- W. denisi Thaler, 1984 – Canary Is.
- W. digitata (Emerton, 1913) – USA, Canada
- W. directa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – USA, Canada
- W. discolor Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. dixiana (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944) – USA
- W. dondalei Millidge, 1983 – Canada
- W. dysderoides (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East)
- W. elgonensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya, Uganda
- W. emarginata Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. erythrina (Simon, 1884) – France (Corsica), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
- W. exigua Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. extraterrestris Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria, Greece
- W. faceta Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. fallax Millidge, 1983 – Canada
- W. ferruginea Seo, 1991 – China, Korea
- W. floridiana Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. fraudatrix Millidge, 1983 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, USA (Alaska), Canada
- W. furcillata (Menge, 1869) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Korea, Japan
- W. fusciceps Millidge, 1983 – Canada
- W. fuscocephala Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
- W. galilea Tanasevitch, 2016 – Israel
- W. gertschi Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. gologolensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
- W. golovatchi Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far East), Japan
- W. gomerensis Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
- W. grancanariensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
- W. grandis (Wunderlich, 1992) – Azores
- W. hamus Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
- W. heimbergi Bosmans, 2007 – Morocco
- W. helenae Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. hierropalma Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
- W. ichifusaensis Saito & Ono, 2001 – Korea, Japan
- W. incisa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) – Europe
- W. incompleta Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- W. indirecta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – USA, Canada
- W. inflexa (Westring, 1861) – Sweden
- W. insperata Millidge, 1979 – Italy
- W. intoleranda (Keyserling, 1886) – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
- W. iviei Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. jinlin Yin & Bao, 2012 – China
- W. jocquei Holm, 1984 – Malawi
- W. kabyliana Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
- W. karpinskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – North America, Scandinavia, Lithuania, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Mongolia
- W. katanda Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia), Kazakhstan
- W. kazakhstanica Eskov, 1995 – Russia (Urals to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
- W. kigogensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
- W. kochi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – Canada, Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia, Kamchatka), Kazakhstan
- W. koenboutjei Baert, 1994 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
- W. korobeinikovi Esyunin & Efimik, 1996 – Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
- W. kulalensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
- W. languida (Simon, 1915) – Morocco, Algeria, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria
- W. latens Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. lepida (Kulczyński, 1885) – North America, Finland, Russia (Europe to Far East)
- W. maesta Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. mariannae Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
- W. martensi Wunderlich, 1972 – India, Nepal
- W. mauensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
- W. meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
- W. mesus (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
- W. mexicana Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. microps Holm, 1984 – Kenya, Uganda
- W. microspinosa Wunderlich, 2012 – Canary Is.
- W. microspiralis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. minuscula Holm, 1984 – Kenya
- W. minuta (Emerton, 1882) – USA
- W. mitrata (Menge, 1868) – Europe, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia)
- W. monoceras (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947) – USA
- W. monoceros (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Azerbaijan, Central Asia
- W. neglecta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
- W. ngorongoroensis Holm, 1984 – Tanzania
- W. nigeriensis Locket & Russell-Smith, 1980 – Nigeria, Kenya
- W. nishikawai Saito, 1986 – Russia (Sakhalin, Kurile Is.), Japan
- W. nodosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Japan
- W. nudipalpis (Westring, 1851) – Europe, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
- W. obtusa Blackwall, 1836 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)
- W. occidentalis Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. ocularis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
- W. oregona Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. orghidani Georgescu, 1977 – Cuba
- W. orientalis (Oliger, 1985) – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
- W. pallida (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
- W. palmgreni Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia
- W. palmierro Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
- W. palustris Millidge, 1983 – Canada
- W. parvicornis Wunderlich, 1995 – Mongolia
- W. pellax Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. perdita (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
- W. picetorum (Palmgren, 1976) – Sweden, Finland, Russia (Europe to Far East)
- W. pinocchio (Kaston, 1945) – USA, Canada
- W. pinoensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- W. placida (Banks, 1892) – USA
- W. plumata Millidge, 1979 – Italy
- W. prominens Millidge, 1983 – Canada
- W. puella Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. pullata Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. pyrenaea (Denis, 1952) – France
- W. reclusa Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. redneri Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. rufula Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. rutilis Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
- W. ruwenzoriensis (Holm, 1962) – Congo, Uganda
- W. saetigera Tanasevitch, 2011 – India
- W. saniuana (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – USA
- W. serrata Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. simplex Chyzer, 1894 – Germany to Greece
- W. solivaga Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. spiralis (Emerton, 1882) – Russia (Far North-East), Canada, USA
- W. stepposa Tanasevitch & Piterkina, 2007 – Kazakhstan
- W. striata Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
- W. stylifrons (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) – Europe
- W. subdirecta Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. subpallida Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. subspiralis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. subterranea Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
- W. subvigilax Millidge, 1983 – USA
- W. supercilia Seo, 2018 – Korea
- W. suspecta (Kulczyński, 1882) – Poland, Slovakia
- W. tanzaniensis Jocqué & Scharff, 1986 – Tanzania
- W. teideensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- W. tenella Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
- W. tenuitibialis Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
- W. teres Millidge, 1983 – Canada
- W. thrinax (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933) – USA
- W. tibialis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
- W. tilos Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
- W. torta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
- W. tricornis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
- W. tumida (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA, Canada
- W. turbulenta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
- W. tystchenkoi Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far North-East to Sakhalin)
- W. uenoi Saito & Irie, 1992 – Japan
- W. unicornis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861 – Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Kazakhstan
- W. uzungwensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
- W. vigilax (Blackwall, 1853) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far North-East))
- W. vilbasteae Wunderlich, 1980 – Estonia
- W. weber (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
- W. westringi Strand, 1903 – Norway
- W. wunderlichi Tanasevitch, 1983 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
- W. yunnanensis Xia, Zhang, Gao, Fei & Kim, 2001 – China
Formerly included:
- W. anceps Xu, 1985 (Transferred to Argyrodes)
- W. anguilliformis Xia, Zhang, Gao, Fei & Kim, 2001 (Transferred to Shaanxinus)
- W. bella (Paik, 1978) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
- W. caobangensis Tu & Li, 2004 (Transferred to Nasoona)
- W. cylindrica Xu, 1994 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
- W. dentata Zhu & Zhou, 1988 (Transferred to Dactylopisthes)
- W. imadatei (Oi, 1964) (Transferred to Oia)
- W. iriei Ono, 2007 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
- W. kamakuraensis (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Baryphymula)
- W. keikoae Saito, 1988 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
- W. lurida Seo, 1991 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
- W. mira (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
- W. patagonica Tullgren, 1901 (Transferred to Neomaso)
- W. pini (Holm, 1950) (Transferred to Baryphyma)
- W. saitoi Ono, 1991 (Transferred to Ainerigone)
- W. selma (Chamberlin, 1949) (Transferred to Scylaceus)
- W. sounkyoensis Saito, 1986 (Transferred to Okhotigone)
- W. transversa (Crosby, 1905) (Transferred to Tennesseellum)
- W. vulgaris (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
- W. xui Platnick, 1989 (Transferred to Argyrodes)
- W. bicolor Blackwall, 1841
- W. dulciacensis (Denis, 1950
- W. exilis Blackwall, 1853
- W. fusca Roșca, 1935
- W. mengei Bösenberg, 1902
- W. parva Blackwall, 1841
- W. vafra Blackwall, 1856
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Gen. Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2020. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ a b c d e f Merrett, P. (1963). "The palpus of male spiders of the family Linyphiidae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 140 (3): 462. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1963.tb01867.x.
- ^ a b Wunderlich, J. (1974). "Ein Beitrag zur Synonymie einheimischer Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae)". Zoologische Beiträge. 20: 166.
- ^ Blackwall, J. (1833). "Characters of some undescribed genera and species of Araneidae". London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 3 (3): 436–443.
Further reading
- Millidge, A. F. (1983). "The erigonine spiders of North America. Part 6. The genus Walckenaeria Blackwall (Araneae, Linyphiidae)". Journal of Arachnology. 11: 105–200 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- Wunderlich, J. (1972). "Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Walckenaeria Blackwall 1833 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der europäischen Subgenera und Arten (Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiiidae)". Zoologische Beiträge. 18: 371–427.
- Simon, E. (1884). Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquième, deuxième et troisième partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 180–885.
- Paquin, P.; Dupérré, N. (2003). "Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec". Fabreries, Supplément. 11: 1–251.
- Simon, E. (1926). Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 2e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 309–532.