Velum may refer to:

• Superior medullary velum, anterior medullary velum or valve of Vieussens, white matter, in the brain, which stretches between the superior cerebellar peduncles
  • Frenulum of superior medullary velum, a slightly raised white band passing to the superior medullary velum
• Inferior medullary velum or posterior medullary velum, a thin layer of white substance, prolonged from the white center of the cerebellum
• Velum interpositum or choroid plexus, a structure in the brain where cerebrospinal fluid is produced
  • Cavum veli interpositi, a condition in which the cistern of the velum interpositum becomes dilated
• Palatal velum or soft palate, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth
  • Levator velum palatini muscle or levator veli palatini, the elevator muscle of the soft palate

• Velum (botany), a morphological feature of quillworts or Isoëtes
• Cumulonimbus velum, a cloud type
• Solemya velum, or Atlantic awning clam
• Agrotis velum or lycophotia molothina, a moth
• Velum or veil (mycology), one of several structures in fungi
• Velum, the locomotory and feeding organ found in the larval veliger stage of bivalves

• Velarium, also known as velum, a textile overhang used in Roman times

• Vellum, animal skin that is similar to parchment and that is used as medium for writing, book printing, and book binding