User:Alexis Ivanov/Iranica
EDUCATION iv. THE MEDIEVAL MADRASA
ARMY ii. Islamic, to the Mongol period
COURTS AND COURTIERS iii. In the Islamic period to the Mongol conquest
CLASS SYSTEM iv. Classes In Medieval Islamic Persia
ECONOMY v. FROM THE ARAB CONQUEST TO THE END OF THE IL-KHANIDS (part 1)
FISCAL SYSTEM iii. ISLAMIC PERIOD
COMMERCE iv. Before the Mongol Conquest
CLOTHING viii. In Persia from the Arab conquest to the Mongol invasion
ART IN IRAN vii. ISLAMIC PRE-SAFAVID
CARPETS vii. Islamic Persia to the Mongols
BĪSTGĀNĪ (Persian term for pay and rations of troops used in classical texts, corresponding to Arabic ʿešrīnīya.) (Samanid)
ʿĀREŻ (the official in medieval eastern Islamic states who had charge of the administrative side of the military forces, being especially concerned with payment, recruitment, training, and inspection.) (Samanid)
FATḤ-NĀMA (Seljuk tag)
Prophet Muhammad and his Family
ĀL-E ʿABĀ redirect of FAMILY OF THE PROPHET
The Imams
ʿALĪ B. ḤOSAYN B. ʿALĪ B. ABĪ ṬĀLEB
Alid dynasties of northern Iran
Samanid Empire
SAMANIDS
Samanid Khwarezm Shah at Kaath
Samanid Governors of Khurasan
Samanid rulers of Ghazna (check Ghaznavids)
Samanid Vassals in Chaghaniyan
Other
ČAḠANĪ, ṬĀHER (prince and poet of the ancient Iranian Āl-e Moḥtāj, ruler of Čaḡānīān (Čaḡān Ḵodāt))
.
Samanid Viziers
Samanid Rulers
ESMĀʿĪL, b. Aḥmad b. Asad SĀMĀNĪ, ABŪ EBRĀHĪM (892–907)
ABŪ NAṢR AḤMAD (907-914)
NAṢR (I) B. AḤMAD (I) B. ESMĀʿIL (914-943)
MANṢUR B. NUḤ (961-976) ABŪ ṢĀLEḤ MANṢŪR (I) NŪḤ
NUḤ (II) B. MANṢUR (I) (976-997)
ʿABD-AL-MALEK B. NŪḤ (999)
ESMĀʿĪL, b. Nūḥ, ABŪ EBRĀHĪM MONTAṢER
Other people
AMĪRAK ṬŪSĪ (4th/10th century notable of the ʿAbd-al-Razzāqī family of Ṭūs.)
ASFĀR B. ŠĪRŪYA (early 10th-century military leader during the period of Samanid expansion.)
ASAD B. SĀMĀNḴODĀ (ancestor of the Samanid dynasty.)
FARĀLĀVĪ (the conventional reading of the name of an early Persian poet.)
ĀḠĀJĪ BOḴĀRĪ (Samanid amir and poet.)
BAYTUZ (a Turkish commander who controlled the town of Bost in southern Afghanistan during the middle years of the 10th century.)
Modern people
Saffarids
Saffarids rulers
Abbasid Caliphate
Viziers
EBN DĀROST, MAJD-AL-WOZARĀʾ MOḤAMMAD (Persian: ابن دارست ابوالفتح منصور بن احمد) (Seljuk tag)
Other
ANŪŠERVĀN KĀŠĀNĪ (Seljuk tag) (repeat)
Safavid Empire
Seljuk Empire
SALJUQS v. SALJUQID LITERATURE
SALJUQS vi. ART AND ARCHITECTURE
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Rulers
Ṭoḡrel
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Viziers
EBN DĀROST, TĀJ-AL-MOLK ABU’L-ḠANĀʾEM MARZBĀN (Persian: تاج‌الملک ابوالغنائم مرزبان بن خسروفیروز قمی)
FAḴR-AL-MOLK, ABU’L-FATḤ MOẒAFFAR (Persian: فخرالملک ابوالمظفر علی بن نظام‌الملک)
BALĀSĀNĪ, MAJD-AL-MOLK ABU’L-FAŻL ASʿAD (Persian: مجدالملک شمس‌الدین ابوالفضل اسعد بن حسن براوستانی قمی)
DEHESTĀNĪ , AʿAZZ-AL-MOLKNEẒĀM-AL-DĪN ABU’L-MAḤĀSEN ʿABD-AL-JALĪL (Persian: اعزالملک ابوالمحاسن عبدالجلیل بن محمد دهستانی)
AḤMAD B. NEẒĀM-AL-MOLK (Persian: ضیاءالملک احمد بن نظام‌الملک)
ABHARĪ, KAMĀL-AL-DĪN (Persian: کمال‌الدین ابوعمرو ابهری)
DARGAZĪNĪ : nesba (attributive name) for Dargazīn (or Darjazīn), borne by several viziers of the Great Saljuqs in the 12th century.
Other People
GOWHAR ḴĀTUN : Princess
ABŪ NAṢR FĀMĪ (Persian: ابونصر فامی) : local historian of Herat in the Saljuq period.
GORGĀNI, FAḴR-AL-DIN ASʿAD : (fl. ca. 1050), poet, best known for his verse romance Vis o Rāmin, completed in 1055 or shortly thereafter and dedicated to the Saljuq governor of Isfahan, the ʿAmid Abu’l-Fatḥ Moẓaffar b. Moḥammad.
ḴĀṢṢ BEG(Persian: خاص‌بگ) :ARSLĀN B. PALANG-ERI, Turkish ḡolām who became the ḥājeb “chamberlain” and court favorite of the Great Saljuq Sultan Masʿud b. Moḥammad b. Malek Šāh (r. 1134-52).
ḠAZĀLĪ, ABŪ ḤĀMED MOḤAMMAD: b. Moḥammad Ṭūsī (1058-1111), one of the greatest systematic Persian thinkers of medieval Islam and a prolific Sunni author on the religious sciences (Islamic law, philosophy, theology, and mysticism) in Saljuq times. Overview of entry: i. Biography, ii. The Eḥyāʾ ʿolum al-dīn, iii. The Kīmīā-ye saʿādat, iv. Minor Persian works, v. As a Faqīh, vi. Ḡazālī and Theology, vii. Ḡazālī and the Bāṭenīs, viii. Impact on Islamic Thought.
ANŪŠERVĀN KĀŠĀNĪ (Seljuk tag)
Buildings
Books
Khwarezmshah
ANŪŠTIGIN ḠARČAʾĪ (Seljuk tag)
Kakuyids
ʿALĪ B. FARĀMARZ (Seljuk tag)
ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP (I) (Seljuk tag)
ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP (II) (Seljuk tag)
Hazaraspids
HAZĀRASPIDS (Seljuk tag)
Oghuz Rulers of Kirman
DĪNĀR, MALEK b. Moḥammad (d. 1195), a leader of the Oghuz Turkmen in Khorasan and, in the latter years of the 12th century, ruler of Kermān. (Seljuk Tag)
Qarakhanid
ILAK-KHANIDS (Note: it sounds weird by it is the same thing as Qarakhanid)
Nizari Ismaʿili
Rulers
BOZORG-OMĪD, KĪĀ (r.1124-1138)
Ghaznavids
Ghaznavids Khwarezm Shah at Kaat
Ghaznavids Rulers
ABŪ ESḤĀQ EBRĀHĪM (Samanid Vassal)
FARROḴZĀD, ABŪ ŠOJĀʿ (r.1053-1059) (Seljuk tag)
ARSLĀNŠĀH (r.1116-1117) (Seljuk tag)
BAHRĀMŠĀH B. MASʿŪD (III) (r.117-1157) (Seljuk tag)
Ghaznavid Viziers
Other
ḤASAN-E ḠAZNAVI (Seljuk tag)
Bavand dynasty
ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ʿALĪ (Seljuk tag)
Shirvanshah
Shaybanids (Until recently, this dynasty was incorrectly called in Western literature “Shaybanids” (or “Shibanids”).)
Rulers
Moḥammad Šïbāni Khan
Mughal Empire
Rulers
Šāh Jahān
Awrangzēb http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/awrangzeb
Others
Danishmends
DĀNEŠMAND (Seljuk tag)
Ethnics, and Tribes
ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran
JAPAN viii. SAFAVID STUDIES IN JAPAN
GEORGIA vii. Georgians in the Safavid Administration
CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS ii. Islamic Period to the Mongols
Countries, Cities, Town, Regions and Districts
CITIES iii. Administration and Social Organization
More information about Iranian counties and districts and cities check Administrative divisions of Iran
IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (page 1)
IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (page 2)
AḴSĪKAṮ (Persian: اخسیکث, romanized: Akhsīkās) Bregel: Akhsiket, Modern Ahsiket
ASFĪJĀB (Persian: اسفیجاب, romanized: Asfijāb, Persian: اسبیجاب, romanized: Asbijāb, Arabic: اسبیجاب, romanized: Asbijāb) Bregel: Isifijab, Modern Sayram
BANĀKAṮ (Persian: بناکث, romanized: Banākas, Persian: شاهرخیه, romanized: Shāhrukhiyya) Bregel: Benaket, Modern Banakat
Benkaṯ (Note: is this Binket, I think it is) (Persian: بنکث, romanized: Binkath, Arabic: بنکث, romanized: Binkath) Bregel: Binket Modern Tashkent
DANDĀNQĀN(Persian: دندانقان, romanized: Dandānqān) Bregel: Dandanaqan, Modern ? (Seljuk tag)
ILĀQ (region) Bregel: Ilaq
GORGĀN vi. History From The Rise Of Islam To The Beginning Of The Safavid Period
GORGĀN vii. History from the Safavids to the end of the Pahlavi era
ČĀČ (Persian: چاچ, romanized: Chāch, Arabic: شاش, romanized: Shāsh) Modern Tashkent (Note: Check with Binket/Benkath, confusion?)
ISFAHAN ii. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
ISFAHAN v. LOCAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
Isfahan ix. THE PAHLAVI PERIOD AND THE POST-REVOLUTION ERA
Isfahan xii. BAZAAR: PLAN AND FUNCTION
NISHAPUR i. Historical Geography and History to the Beginning of the 20th Century
HERAT iii. HISTORY, MEDIEVAL PERIOD
CHORASMIA ii. In Islamic times
CENTRAL ASIA iv. In the Islamic Period up to the Mongols
BUKHARA ii. From the Arab Invasions to the Mongols
BAGHDAD i. The Iranian Connection: Before the Mongol Invasion
KANDAHAR iii. Early Islamic Period
KERMAN v. From the Islamic Conquest to the Coming of the Mongols
BALĀSĀḠŪN (Persian: بلاساغون, romanized: Balāsghūn, Arabic: بلاساغون, romanized: Balāsghūn) Bregel: Balasghun, Modern Balasagun
ÖZGÄND (Persian: اوزگَند, romanized: Uzgand, Persian: اوزکند, romanized: Uzkand, Arabic: أوزكند, romanized: Uzkand) Bregel: Uzgend, Modern Uzgen
NAḴŠAB (Persian: نَخشَب, romanized: Nakhshab, Persian: نَسَف, romanized: Nasaf) Bregel: Nakhsheb (Nesef, Qarshi), Modern Qarshi
Ošborqān/Šaburqān or Šabūrqān (Persian: شَبرقان, romanized: Shaburqān, Persian: شَبورقان, romanized: Shāburqān, Persian: شُبرُقان, romanized: Shuburqān, Persian: اشبورقان, romanized: Ushbūrqān, Arabic: اشبورقان, romanized: Ushbūrqān) Bregel: Shapurgan, EI2: Shibarghan (Vol. 9, P. 431), Modern Sheberghan
Yahudiya/Jahudān later Meymana (Persian: یهودیه, romanized: Yahūdiya, Persian: جهودان, romanized: Jāhūdān, Arabic: يهوديّة, romanized: Yahūdiyya, Persian: مَیمَنه, romanized: Maymana) Bregel: Yehudiya (Maymana), EI2: Maymana (Vol. 6, p.195), Modern Maymana (Note: Iranica also calls it MEYMANA)
ANBAR (Persian: انبار, romanized: Anbār, Arabic: انبار, romanized: Anbār) Bregel: Anbar, Modern Sar-e Pol city (Note: Iranica says "probably to be identified with the modern Sar-e Pol")
FARḠĀNA (Persian: فَرغانه, romanized: Farghāna, Arabic: فرغانة, romanized: Farghāna) Bregel: Ferghana, EI2: Farghānā (Vol. 2, p.790), Modern Fergana Valley
(Persian: نصرآباد, romanized: Naṣrabād) Bregel: Nasrabad
OSRUŠANA (Persian: اشروسنه, romanized: Usrūshana, Arabic: أشْرُوسنَة, romanized: Ushrūsana) Bregel: Ustrushana, Modern Osrushana (Note: In the local language this place was called Ustrūshana) Cambr, Iran, Vol.4, P.138
Bunjikaṯ (Persian: بنجکث, romanized: Bunjikas) Bregel: Bunjiket, Modern Shahristan (archeological site) (Bunjikath, the capital of Ushrusana) Cambr, Iran, Vol.4, P.150, (the city of Bunjikat (Fig. 28), 20 km to the south of the modern town of Shahristan.) Google books
JOWZJĀN (Persian: گَوْزگان, romanized: Gowzgān, Persian: گَوْزگانان, romanized: Gowzgānān, Arabic: جوزجان, romanized: Jūzjān) Bregel: Guzganan, EI2: Djūzdjān (Vol. 2, p.608), Modern Jowzjan Province (Note this is a province in Modern Afghanistan, not historical)
BĀḎḠĪS Bregel: Badghis
Gorgānj (Persian: گرگانج, romanized: Gurgānj, Arabic: جرجانية, romanized: Jurjāniyyah) Bregel: Gurganj, Modern Konye-Urgench (Note: different from Urgench)
GĪLĀN iv. History in the Early Islamic Period (Persian: گیلان, romanized: Gīlān, Arabic: جيلان, romanized: Jīlān) Modern Gilan Province (Note this is a province in Modern Iran, not historical)
Ṭoḵārestān
Ḵottal (Persian: ختل, romanized: Khuttal) Bregel: Khuttal, Modern Khuttal
ČAḠĀNĪĀN (Persian: چغانیان, romanized: Chaghāniyān, Arabic: صغانيان, romanized: Ṣaghāniyān) Bregel:Chaghaniyan, Modern Chaghaniyan
BĪĀR (Persian: بيار, romanized: Biyār) , Modern Beyarjomand
ANDARĀB Bregel: Anderab
ḠARČESTĀN (Persian: غرچستان, romanized: Gharchistān) Bregel: Gharchistan ,Modern Gharchistan
BĀMĪĀN (Persian: بامیان, romanized: Bāmiyān) Bregel: Bamiyan, Modern Bamyan
BARSḴĀN (Persian: بارسخان, romanized: Baraskhān, Persian: بارسغان, romanized: Barasghān) Bregel: Barskhan, Modern Barskon
Semirechye or Yeti-su Bregel: Yeti-Su (Semirech’e), Modern Zhetysu (“the land of the seven rivers,” from Iranica)
FĀRYĀB (Persian: فاریاب, romanized: Fāryāb, Arabic: فاریاب, romanized: Fāryāb) Bregel: Faryab, Modern Faryab Province
FŪŠANJ (Persian: فوشنج, romanized: Fūshanj, Arabic: بوشنج, romanized: Būshanj, Middle Persian: Pūshang) Bregel: Busheng, Modern Zendeh Jan
Ṭālaqān or Tāleqān (Persian: طالَقان, romanized: Tālaqān, Persian: طالِقان, romanized: Tāliqān) Bregel: Taleqan, Modern Taleqan
BADAḴŠĀN (Persian: بَدَخشان, romanized: Badakhshān, Arabic: بدخشان, romanized: Badakhshān) Bregel: Badakhshan, Modern Badakhshan
KASHGAR (Persian: کاشغر, romanized: Kāshghar, Arabic: كاشغر, romanized: Kāshghar) Bregel: Kashgar, Modern Kashgar
Talas (Ṭarāz)
Artuj (present-day Artiš) (Note: "a village near Kāšḡar", based on google book search of "Artish Kashgar" it seems it is 20 miles away from the city)
Ḵotan (Persian: خُتَن, romanized: Khutan) Bregel: Khotan, Modern Hotan
DARJAZĪN (Persian: درجزین, romanized: Darjazīn, Persian: درگزین, romanized: Dargazīn), Modern Darjazin
ĀŠTARJĀN (Persian: اشترجان, romanized: Ashtarjān), Modern Ashtarjan Rural District
Tumen/Čimgi-Tura/Tura/Tara (), Bregel: Chimgi-Tura (Tümen), EI2: Tümen (Vol. 10, p.622), Modern Tyumen
AZERBAIJAN iv. Islamic History to 1941
Rivers and Lakes and Mountains
Zarafšān river or Nahr-e Ṣogd (Persian: رود زرافشان, romanized: Rūd Zarafshān, Arabic: نهر الصغد, romanized: Nahr aṣ-Ṣughd, lit. 'River of Soghd') Bregel: River of Soghd, Modern Zeravshan River
Ïsïq-Göl (Persian: ایسیق گول, romanized: Īsīq Gūl) Bregel:Issïq-köl , Modern Issyk-Kul
Harīrūd River (Persian: هَری‌رود, romanized: Harīrūd, lit. 'Hari River') Bregel: Harirud, Modern: Hari
ĀMŪ DARYĀ (Persian: آمودریا, romanized: Āmu Daryā, Arabic: جيحون, romanized: Jayḥūn, Greek: Ώξος, romanized: Oxos, Latin: Oxus, Middle Persian: Wehrōd) Bregel: Jeyhun (Werhot, Amu-Darya), Modern Amu Darya
BALḴĀB (Persian: بلخاب, romanized: Balkhāb) Bregel: Balkhab, Modern Balkh River
Morḡāb (Persian: مُرغاب, romanized: Murghāb) Bregel: Murghab, Modern Murghab River (note: Iranica says "he district is so called after its chief river, Morḡāb (not to be confused with the homonymous river in Marv or the Marvdašt in Fars" also Bregel will show you both rivers)
ATRAK (Persian: اترک, romanized: Atrak) Bregel: Atrek, Modern Atrek
Books
Religion
ZOROASTRIANISM ii. Historical Review: from the Arab Conquest to Modern Times
Scholars and other people
EBN AL-AṮĪR, ʿEZZ-AL-DĪN ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ
BAYHAQĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN MOḤAMMAD (Samanid)
Titles and Offices
ATĀBAK (Seljuk tag)
AMĪR ḤARAS (Abbasid, Samanid, ....)
ḴĀTUN (Seljuk tag)
ĀḠĀJĪ (Samanid, Ghaznavid, Seljuk tag)
ČĀŠNĪGĪR (Seljuk tag)
Georgia (messy Information, will tidy up later)
GEORGIA ii. History of Iranian-Georgian Relations
GEORGIA vii. Georgians in the Safavid Administration
Georgian Rulers
Luarsab I of Kartli (Persian: لهراسب, romanized: Lohrāsb); --> "In the case of Luarsab (< NPers. Lohrāsb, Mid. Pers. Luhrāsp). Authors such as Eskandar Beg Monšī did not recognize the derivation of this name from the Persian Lohrāsp and transliterated it as Lūārṣāb.", EI2, page 492
Simon I of Kartli (Persian: شاهنواز خان, romanized: Shāh-Navāz Khān) (Persian: محمود خان, romanized: Mahmūd Khān) Professor Ian 1557-1569
David XI of Kartli Dāwūd Khan II (Persian: داود خان, romanized: Dāwūd Khān) "One of these was David/Dāwūd Khan II (1569-78)," / EI2 493 / Professor Ian 1569-1578
Teimuraz I of Kakheti (Persian: طهمورث خان, romanized: Ṭahmūras Khān) "In 1605 they revolted and placed Teimuraz/Ṭahmūras/Ṭahmūraṯ I (1605-63) on the throne" / RULED BOTH KAKHETI AND KARTLI
1614 Abbas attack Georgia and put Muslim Georgian rulers in both Kartli and Kakheti Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns
In Kartli, Teimuraz still had a stronghold, while Kakheti he was deposed multiple times
In Kakheti Jesse of Kakheti (Persian: عیسی خان, romanized: ʿIsā Khān) Professor Ian 1614-1615 (Note this is missing in Wikipedia list of Georgian rulers, and his Wikipedia page has no infobox)
In Kartli? or Kakheti Simon II of Kartli Semāyūn Khan (Persian: سمایون خان, romanized: Simāyūn Khān)"ʿAbbās appointed a loyalist, Simon II/Semāyūn Khan (1619-29), as wālī, or viceroy"/Professor Ian didn't mention him, probably because he wasn't a King and was in fact a wali and Kakheti was a Safavid territory from 1616 to 1623, noticing mistake in Wikipedia, Simon II ruled Kakheti not Kartli , another source backing up is New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society.
rebellion of nobles in 1623 Murav Beg the traitor, betrayed his Lord. Teimuraz in both thrones.
Battle of Marabda in 1614 (EIr), Wikipedia 1615, Abbas won
"During the remaining century of Safavid predominance in Georgia after the death of ʿAbbās in 1629 Persian influence was unprecedented. The kingdom of Kartli was transformed into a province of Persia and regularly paid tribute and sent gifts (pīškeš) to the shah in the form of boys and girls, horses, and wines"
In Kartli (1632-1658 as Wali) and Kakheti (1648-1656) we get a nice ruler and some peace finally Rostom of Kartli Khosrow Mīrzā (Persian: خسرو میرزا, romanized: Khusraw Mīrzā), gained the title Rostam Khan (Persian: رستم خان, romanized: Rustam Khān) for helping Shah Safi to gain power in 1629 "Nonetheless, in contrast to the calamities of Shah ʿAbbās’s reign, eastern Georgia experienced a period of relative peace and prosperity under an enlightened and able viceroy, Ḵosrow Mīrzā, the son of Dāwūd Khan and a Muslim. As a reward for aiding Sām Mīrzā gain the throne as Shah Ṣafī (1038-52/1629-42) the shah granted him the title Rostam Khan and in 1632 appointed him wālī of Kartli, a post he held until 1658"/Professor Ian says 1633 instead of 1632.
Kakheti too troublesome "but Kakheti, the center of unyielding resistance to the Safavids, was brought directly under Persian rule.", according to Professor Ian, it was Safavid territory from (1656-1664)
"At the behest of Shah ʿAbbās II (1642-66) Rostam invaded Kakheti in 1648 and, driving Teimuraz into exile again, was named ruler of Kakheti"
At Kartli in 1659, Rostam's adopted son, becomes the King of Kartli Vakhtang V of Kartli Shāhnavāz I (Persian: شاهنواز خان, romanized: Shāh-Navāz Khān) "Vakhtang V (1659-75), Šāhnavāz II to the Persians, tried to reestablish a united kingdom in eastern Georgia by placing his son, Archil II, on the throne of Kakheti" / Professor Ian (1659-1675)
and In Kakheti (also Imerti) was his son Archil of Imereti Shāhnaẓar Khan (Persian: شاهنظر خان, romanized: Shāhnaẓar Khān) "Although Archil converted to Islam and assumed the title Šāhnaẓar Khan (1664-75), factions at the Persian court thwarted Vakhtang’s master plan"/Professor Ian (1664-1675)
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In Kartli: Vakhtang V's son takes rule George XI of Kartli Shāhnavāz II (Persian: شاهنواز خان, romanized: Shāh-Navāz Khān) or Gorgīn Khan (Persian: گرگین خان, romanized: Gurgīn Khān) check (Cambr Iran volume 7, page 11) "But Giorgi/Gorgīn Khan, too, eventually reconciled himself to Persian suzerainty and in 1696 agreed to terms with the new shah, Solṭān Ḥosayn (1105-35/1694-1722)." "The shah also designated him wālī of Kartli, but, while he was in the field, he entrusted the administration of the country to a nephew, the future Vakhtang VI." /Professor Ian (1675-1688 deposed, 1703-1709 was absent so his brother Levan was regent ) (not Professor doesn't mention Gorgin/Gurgin) (Note this man still functioned as beglarbegī of Kermān and also commander-in-chief sepahsālār)
"Persian suzerainty and in 1696 agreed to terms with the new shah, Solṭān Ḥosayn (1105-35/1694-1722)."
George Xi became governor of Kerman from 1699 to 1703
While at Kakheti as always troublesome: for one year it was ruled by Heraclius I of Kakheti Ereglī Khan (Persian: ارگلی خان, romanized: Iriglī Khān) or (Persian: نظر علی خان, romanized: Naẓar ʿAlī Khān Georgian: ნაზარალი-ხანი, romanized: nazarali-khani) "But when his grandson Erekle/Ereglī Khan rejected Teimuraz’s understanding with the shah, both men were imprisoned."/Professor Ian (1675-1676) and also in Kartli he had ruled (1688-1703)
1676-1703 Kakheti was Safavid Territory
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In Kartli (regent 1703-1709, King in 1709): Levan of Kartli (Persian: شاه قلی خان, romanized: Shāh Qulī Khān) Professor Ian (1709)
+++++++(1709-1711) Kaikhosro of Kartli Kaikhosro (Persian: کیخسرو, romanized: Kaykhusraw, Georgian: ქაიხოსრო, romanized: kaikhosro) or Khosrow Khan (Persian: خسرو خان, romanized: Khusraw Khān) "As a reward the shah made Levan dīvānbegī (q.v.) of Persia and his son, Kaikhosro/Ḵosrow Khan, dārūḡa (see CITIES iii) of Isfahan." / Professor Ian (1709-1711)
++++++++(regent 1703-1711, King in 1711-1714 and 1716-1717 and 1719-1723) Vakhtang VI of Kartli Ḥosaynqolī Khan (Persian: حسینقلی خان, romanized: Ḥusayn Qulī Khān) "The shah also designated him wālī of Kartli, but, while he was in the field, he entrusted the administration of the country to a nephew, the future Vakhtang VI." "Vakhtang VI, wālī of Kartli (1711-14, 1719-23)" became Muslim "But in 1716, convinced that no foreign aid would be forthcoming, he accepted Islam." "sepahsālār of Persia and beglarbegī of Azerbaijan, he became wālī of Kartli again in 1719."/ Professor Ian (1711-1714 and 1716-1717 and 1719-1723)
+++++++++ (1714-1716) Jesse of Kartli (Persian: علیقلی خان, romanized: ʿAlī-Quli Khān) Professor Ian (1714-1716) AND (1723-26) under Ottoman as (Ottoman Turkish: مصطفى پاشا, translit. Muṣṭafā Pāshā)
+++++++++(1717-1719) Prince Bakar of Kartli (Persian: شاهنواز خان, romanized: Shāh-Navāz Khān) Professor Ian (1717-1719) AND (1723) under Ottoman as (Ottoman Turkish: ابراهیم پاشا, translit. Ibrahīm Pāshā)
+++++++++(1723) Constantine II of Kakheti (information below)
+++++++++(1726-1736) Under Ottoman control (according to French Wikipedia under Ishaq Jaqeli )
+++++++++(1736-1737) Abdullah Beg of Kartli (Ottoman Turkish: عبدالله بیگ, translit. ʿAbdallah Bīg, Georgian: აბდულა-ბეგი, romanized: abdula-begi) Professor Ian (1736-37)
+++++++++(1737-1738) Ali Mirza of Kakheti (information below)
+++++++++(1738-1744) under Ottoman control (according to French Wikipedia this is under Afsharid Empire, under Sephi Khan)
In Kakheti (1703-1722) David II of Kakheti (Persian: امام قلی خان, romanized: Imām-Quli Khān) Professor Ian (1703-1722)
+++++++(1722-1729, who was regent in 1709-1715) Constantine II of Kakheti (Persian: محمود قلی خان, romanized: Maḥmūd-Quli Khān) Professor Ian (1722-1729)
+++++++(1736-1738) Ali Mirza of Kakheti (Persian: علی میرزا, romanized: ʿAlī Mīrzā, Georgian: ალი-მირზა, romanized: ali-mirza) Professor Ian (1736-1738)
The nearing of the Union
in Kartli (1744-1746) Tamar of Kartli
& (1744-1762) Teimuraz II of Kakheti
In Kakheti (1738-1744 abdicated for his son to rule Kartli in 1744-1762) Teimuraz II of Kakheti "When the Georgian nobles revolted, Teimuraz and his son Erekle, who had fought with Nāder Shah’s armies in India in 1737-40, aided the Persians in defeating the rebels. For services rendered, Nāder Shah awarded Kartli to Teimuraz (1744-62) and Kakheti to his son, Erekle II (1744-62; Bagrationi, pp. 177-82)." /Professor Ian (1738-1744) Kakheti, (1744-1762) Kartli
++++++++(1744-1762) Heraclius II of Georgia
The Unification: Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Heraclius II of Georgia (1762-1798) "Erekle (Ereglī Khan) refused to become a mere wālī of Kartli-Kakheti and reaffirmed his attachment to Russia"
George XII of Georgia (1798-1801) "In 1798 he demanded the unconditional submission of Erekle’s son and successor, Giorgi XII (1798-1800; Tsagareli, II/2, pp. 181-82). Giorgi refused, and Russia’s firm support caused Persian armies to remain in place"
Sand
Gurandukht, daughter of George I of Georgia
Letters: Ḥ ḥ Ṣ ṣ Ḍ ḍ Ẓ ẓ Ṭ ṭ Ḳ ḳ Ā ā Ī ī Ū ū ʿ ʾ
Ï ï
Ö ö
Qara-Khanid rulers
Great Qaghans
| Name | Kunya | Kingship Laqab | Laqab | Reign (C.E.) | Reign A.H. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ʿAli b. Musa b. Satuq Bughra Khān | Abu ʾl-Ḥasan | Arslan Khān (Qara Khān) | 992-998 | 308-388 | |
| _______Hārūn or Ḥasan b. Sulaymān b. Satuq Bughra Khān | Ilig, (Bughra Khān) | Shihāb al-Dawla | d. 992 | d. 382 | |
| Aḥmad b. ʿAli | Arslan Qara Khān, (Toghan Khān) | Nāṣir al-Haqq Quṭb al-Dawla | 998-1017 | 388-408 | |
| Mansūr b. ʿAli | (Arslan Khān) | Nūr al-Dawla | 1017-1024 | 408-415 | |
| Muhammad or Ahmad b. Hārūn or Ḥasan Bughra Khān | (Toghan Khān) | 1024-1026 | 415-1026 | ||
| Yūsuf b. Hārūn or Ḥasan Bughra Khān | (Qadïr Khan) | Nasir al-Dawla Malik al-Mashriq wa ʾl-Sīn | 1026-1032 | 417-424 |
Western Great Qaghan
| Name | Kunya | Kingship Laqab | Laqab | Reign (C.E.) | Reign A.H. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ʿAli Tigin b. Hārūn or Ḥasan Bughra Khān | (Arslan Ilig) based on Ian Mladjov | c. 1020-1034 | c. 411-425 | "In control of Soghdia" (Ian Mladjov says Bukhara) | ||
| Yūsuf and Arslan Tigin b. ʿAli Tigin | (Arslan Ilig) based on Ian Mladjov | 1034-c.1042 | 425-c. 433 | "Succeeding their father in Soghdia", Ian doesn't mention Arslan Tigin | ||
| Muḥammad b. Naṣr b. ʿAli | Arslan Qara Khān | Muʾayyad al-ʿAdl ʿAyn al-Dawla | c. 1042-c. 1052 | c. 433-c. 444 | Ian doesn't mention it, but Naṣr here famously known as (Ilig) is the son of Ali (Qara Khān) | |
| Ibrāhīm b. Naṣr b. ʿAli | Abu Ishaq | Böri Tigin, Tamghach or (Tabghach Bughra Khān) Ian just doesn't add Bughra | c. 1052-1068 | c. 444-460 | "Victor over the sons of ʿAli Tigin" It's confusing, but Ian puts ʿAli Tigin and his son on a different categoriy as rulers of Bukhara and says Ibrahim is the first Western Qaghan, Ian calls him Ibrāhīm I | |
| Naṣr b. Ibrāhīm | Abu ʾl-Ḥasan | Shams al-Mulk Malik al-Mashriq wa ʾl-Sīn | 1068-1080 | 462-472 | According to Ian he became Saljuq vassal from 1072 | |
| Khiḍr b. Ibrāhīm | Abū Shujāʿ | (Tabghach Khān) based on Ian Mladjov | 1080-?1081 | 472-?473 | ||
| Aḥmad b. Khiḍr | ?1081-1089 | ?473-482 | Ian calls him Aḥmad I | |||
| Yaʿqūb b. Sulaymān b. Yūsuf Qadïr Khan | (Hārūn Khān) based on Ian Mladjov | 1089-1095 | 482-488 | |||
| Masʿūd b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm | 1095-1097 | 488-490 | Ian calls him Masʿūd I | |||
| Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. Ibrāhīm | Qadïr Tamg hach or Tabghach | 1097-1097 | 490-490 | |||
| Maḥmūd b. . ... Mansur b. ʿAli | Abu ʾl-Qāsim | Arslan Khān, (Tabghach Khān) based on Ian Mladjov | 1097-1099 | 490-492 | Based on Ian his father could be Ibrāhīm, he gives it a question mark, and he calls him Maḥmūd I | |
| Jibrāʾīl b. ʿUmar | Qadïr Khan, (Tabghach Khān) based on Ian Mladjov | 1099-1102 | 492-495 | Based on Ian this Umar is from the Eastern Qaghanate | ||
| Muḥammad b. Sulaymān | (Arslan Khān) | 1102-?1129 | 495-?523 | Ian gives calls him Muḥammad II | ||
| Naṣr b. Muḥammad | ?1129-?1129 | ?523-?523 | ||||
| Aḥmad b. Muḥammad | (Qadïr Khan) | ?1129-1130 | ?523-524 | Ian calls him Aḥmad II | ||
| Ḥasan b. ʿAli | Jalal al-Dunya wa ʾl-Dīn | 1130-?1132 | 524-?526 | Ian says this ʿAli is son of Abdul-Mumin from Ferghana | ||
| Ibrāhīm b. Sulaymān | Abu Muẓffar | Rukn al-Dunya wa ʾl-Dīn | ?1132-1332 | ?526-526 | ||
| Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad | (Sarwar Khān) based on Ian Mladjov | 1132-1141 | 526-536 | "Later ruler of Khurasan after the Seljuq Sanjar", according to Ian he ruled because Sanjar was captured by Ghuzz/Oghuz warriors, and he ruled from 1154-1156 and 1156-1157, and he died between 1161 and 1164 | ||
| _______________________________________________________________________Occupation of Transoxania by the Qara Khitay in 1132 C.E. or 536 A.H. | ||||||
| Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad | Tamghach or (Tabghach) | 1141-1156 | 536-551 | Ian gives calls him Ibrāhīm II, and says that he was a vassal of the Qara Khitay | ||
Eastern Great Qaghan
| Name | Kunya | Kingship Laqab | Laqab | Reign (C.E.) | Reign A.H. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulaymān b. Yūsuf | Abū Shujāʿ | Qadïr Khan, (Arslan Khān) | Sharaf al-Dawla | 1032-1056 | 423-448 | According to Ian he ruled the united Qaghante from 1032 till 1040 |
| Muḥammad b. Yūsuf Qadïr Khan | (Bughra Khān) | Qawām al-Dawla | 1056-1057 | 448-449 | Ian calls him Muḥammad I | |
| Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad | (Arslan Khān) based on Ian Mladjov | 1057-1059 | 449-451 | Ian calls him Ibrāhīm I | ||
| Maḥmūd b. Yūsuf Qadïr Khan | Ṭoghrïl Qara Khān | Niẓām al-Dawla | 1059-1074 | 451-467 | Ian made a major mistake here as far as I'm aware | |
| ʿUmar b. Maḥmūd | Ṭoghrïl Tigin | 1074-1075 | 467-467 | |||
| Hārūn or Ḥasan b. Sulaymān | Abū ʿAli | Tamghach or (Tabghach Bughra Khān) Ian just doesn't add Bughra | Nāṣir al-Haqq | 1075-1103 | 467-496 | |
| Aḥmad or Hārūn b. Hārūn or Ḥasan | (Arslan Khān) based on Ian Mladjov | Nūr al-Dawla | 1103-1128 | 496-522 | Ian never mentions Harun, it could be Ahmad or Harun | |
| Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad or Hārūn | 1128-1158 | 522-553 | Ian calls him Ibrāhīm II |