Thomas Murphy may refer to:

• Thomas C. Murphy, American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
• Thomas J. Murphy (Medal of Honor), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
• Thomas Murphy (Medal of Honor), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
• Thomas Murphy (Medal of Honor, 1869), American Indian Wars Medal of Honor recipient
• Thomas Murphy (VC) (1839–1900), Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross
• Thomas E. Murphy (general), United States Air Force general

• Tom Murphy (Georgia politician) (1924–2007), American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia
• Tom Murphy (Newfoundland politician) (1937–2018), Newfoundland politician
• Thomas Alexander Murphy (1885–1966), politician in Ontario, Canada
• Thomas Gerow Murphy (1883–1971), Canadian politician
• Thomas J. Murphy (politician) (1861–1933), Newfoundland lawyer and politician
• Thomas J. Murphy Jr. (born 1944), Democratic politician from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• Thomas Murphy (Collector) (1821–1901), Collector of the Port of New York, 1870–1871
• Thomas Murphy (Australian politician) (1906–1978), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
• Thomas Murphy (Irish republican) (born 1949), reported former Chief of Staff of the Provisional IRA paramilitary group
• Thomas W. Murphy Jr. (born 1942), American politician from the U.S. state of Maine

• Thomas W. Murphy (American Samoa judge) (1935–1992), Associate Chief Justice of the High Court of American Samoa
• Thomas W. Murphy (Illinois judge) (born 1953), U.S. District Court Judge in Chicago
• Thomas Francis Murphy (1905–1995), American judge in New York City

• Tom Murphy (artist) (born 1949), English artist
• Tom Murphy (actor) (1968–2007), Irish theatre and film actor
• Tom Murphy (playwright) (1935–2018), Irish dramatist
• Tommy Murphy (Australian playwright) (born 1979), Australian playwright
• Thomas Murphy (broadcasting) (1925–2022), American broadcast executive
• Thomas F. Murphy (author) (born 1939), American author

• Tommy Murphy (Australian footballer) (1903–1958), Australian rules footballer for South Melbourne
• Tom Murphy (footballer, born 1986), Australian rules footballer for Hawthorn and the Gold Coast
• Tom Murphy (footballer, born 1998), Australian rules footballer for North Melbourne

• Tom Murphy (pitcher) (born 1945), American Major League Baseball pitcher
• Tommy Murphy (baseball) (born 1979), American Major League Baseball outfielder
• Tom Murphy (catcher) (born 1991), American Major League Baseball catcher

• Torpedo Billy Murphy (Thomas William Murphy, 1863–1939), boxer from New Zealand
• Tom Murphy (American football) (1901–1994), American NFL football player
• Tom Murphy (Irish footballer) (fl. 1920s), Irish international footballer
• Tommy Murphy (Gaelic footballer) (1921–1985), Irish Gaelic footballer for County Laois
• Tom Murphy (runner) (born 1935), American middle-distance runner
• Tommy Murphy (hurler) (1943–2022), Irish hurler for Kilkenny
• Tom Murphy (Mooncoin hurler) (born 1969), Irish hurler for Kilkenny
• Tom Murphy (chess player) (born 1957), American chess player
• Tommy Murphy (snooker player) (born 1962), Northern Irish snooker player
• Tom Murphy (fighter) (born 1974), American mixed martial artist
• Tom Murphy (English footballer) (born 1991), English footballer for Farnborough
• Tom Murphy (rugby union) (born 1972), Australian rugby union player

• Thomas Murphy (chairman) (1915–2006), former CEO of General Motors
• Thomas Joseph Murphy (1932–1997), American bishop in the Catholic Church
• Thomas Austin Murphy (1911–1981), American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church
• Thomas W. Murphy (anthropologist) (born 1967), Environmental Anthropologist and Latter Day Saint writer
• Tom Murphy (physicist), astrophysicist
• Thomas E. Murphy (educator) (1856–1933), American educator
• Thomas Murphy (pediatrician), American pediatrician
• Tom Murphy VII (born 1979), computer programmer and YouTuber