Langbahn Team – Weltmeisterschaft

Template:Infobox barium

Barium, 56Ba
Barium
Pronunciation/ˈbɛəriəm/ (BAIR-ee-əm)
Appearancesilvery gray; with a pale yellow tint[1]
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ba)
Barium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Sr

Ba

Ra
caesiumbariumlanthanum
Atomic number (Z)56
Groupgroup 2 (alkaline earth metals)
Periodperiod 6
Block  s-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1000 K ​(727 °C, ​1341 °F)
Boiling point2118 K ​(1845 °C, ​3353 °F)
Density (at 20° C)3.594 g/cm3[4]
when liquid (at m.p.)3.338 g/cm3
Heat of fusion7.12 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization142 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity28.07 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 911 1038 1185 1388 1686 2170
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +2
+1[5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 0.89
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 502.9 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 965.2 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3600 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 222 pm
Covalent radius215±11 pm
Van der Waals radius268 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of barium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2)
Lattice constant
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for barium
a = 502.5 pm (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal expansion20.47×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal conductivity18.4 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity332 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[6]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+20.6×10−6 cm3/mol[7]
Young's modulus13 GPa
Shear modulus4.9 GPa
Bulk modulus9.6 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod1620 m/s (at 20 °C)
Mohs hardness1.25
CAS Number7440-39-3
History
DiscoveryCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1772)
First isolationHumphry Davy (1808)
Isotopes of barium
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
130Ba 0.11% (0.5–2.7)×1021 y εε 130Xe
132Ba 0.1% stable
133Ba synth 10.51 y ε 133Cs
134Ba 2.42% stable
135Ba 6.59% stable
136Ba 7.85% stable
137Ba 11.2% stable
138Ba 71.7% stable
 Category: Barium
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-Ba}
Main isotopes of barium
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
130Ba 0.11% (0.5–2.7)×1021 y εε 130Xe
132Ba 0.1% stable
133Ba synth 10.51 y ε 133Cs
134Ba 2.42% stable
135Ba 6.59% stable
136Ba 7.85% stable
137Ba 11.2% stable
138Ba 71.7% stable
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: )

References

  1. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Barium". CIAAW. 1985.
  3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ^ a b c Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  5. ^ Xu, Wei; Lerner, Michael M. (2018). "A New and Facile Route Using Electride Solutions to Intercalate Alkaline Earth Ions into Graphite". Chemistry of Materials. 30 (19): 6930–6935. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03421. S2CID 105295721.
  6. ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  7. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  8. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.