Struve is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Struve family
• Jacob Struve (1755–1841)
• Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (1793–1864), son of Jacob
• Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819–1905), son of Friedrich
• Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig Struve (Ludwig Struve, 1858–1920), son of Otto
• Karl Hermann Struve (Hermann Struve, 1854–1920), son of Otto
• Otto Struve (1897–1963), son of Ludwig
• Georg Hermann Struve (Georg Struve, 1886–1933), son of Hermann
• Wilfried Struve (1914–1992), son of Georg

• Amand Struve (1835–1898), Baltic German military engineer and bridge specialist
• Gleb Struve (1898–1985), Russian-American poet and literary historian, son of Peter
• Gustav Struve (1805–1870), Southern German politician and revolutionary
• Henryk Struve (1840–1912), Polish philosopher
• Karl de Struve (1835–1907), Russian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Tokyo, Washington, and the Hague
• Nikita Struve (1931–2016), Russian-French editor specializing in Russian literature, nephew of Gleb and grandson of Peter
• Peter Berngardovich Struve (1870–1944), Russian political economist, philosopher and editor, grandson of Friedrich Georg Wilhelm
• Stefan Struve (born 1988), Dutch mixed martial artist
• Vasily Vasilievich Struve (1889–1965), Soviet Orientalist

• 2227 Otto Struve, an asteroid named after Otto Struve
• Struve (crater), a crater on the Moon
• Struve functions, named after Karl Hermann Struve
• Struve Geodetic Arc, a World Heritage Site
• Otto Struve Telescope, a telescope of McDonald Observatory
• Struve Double Star Catalog, compiled by F. G. W. Struve
• Struve 1341, a binary star system with an extrasolar planet
• Struve 2398, a binary star system

• Struve–Sahade effect, a phenomenon in astronomical spectroscopy, named after Otto Struve and Jorge Sahade
• 768 Struveana, an asteroid named jointly after Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, Otto Wilhem von Struve, and Karl Hermann Struve