Southern Railway or Southern Railroad may refer to:

• Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway, Argentina
• Southern Fuegian Railway, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

• Main Southern railway line, New South Wales, Australia
• Southern railway line, Queensland, Australia

• Austrian Southern Railway
• Southern Railway (Austria)

• Canada Southern Railway, part of the New York Central Railroad
• Canadian Pacific Railway
• New Brunswick Southern Railway, part of the Canadian Pacific Railway
• Quebec Southern Railway
• Southern Manitoba Railway
• Southern Prairie Railway, a tourist railway in Ogema, Saskatchewan
• Southern Railway of British Columbia

• Southern Mahratta Railway, a railway company in British India founded in 1882
• Southern Punjab Railway, India
• Southern Railway zone, India

• Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)
• Southern Railway (UK), 1923–47

• Alabama Great Southern Railroad
• Alton and Southern Railway, Illinois
• Arkansas Southern Railroad, part of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway
• Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
• Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
• California Southern Railroad
• Chicago and North Western Transportation Company
• Columbus and Greenville Railway
• Dakota Southern Railway, South Dakota
• Georgia Southern Railroad
• Illinois Central Railroad
• Illinois Southern Railway, part of the Missouri Pacific Railroad
• Indiana Southern Railroad
• Iowa Southern Railroad, part of the Wabash Railway
• Kansas Southern Railway, part of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
• Louisiana Southern Railway, part of the Missouri Pacific Railroad
• Minnesota Southern Railway, part of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad
• Missouri Pacific Railroad, part of the Missouri Pacific Railroad
• Montana Southern Railway
• New Jersey Southern Railroad, and New Jersey Southern Railway
• Norfolk and Western Railway, Virginia
• Norfolk Southern Railway, Virginia
• Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, Virginia
• South Side Railroad of Long Island, part of the Long Island Rail Road, New York
• Southern Alabama Railroad
• Southern California Railway
• Southern Railroad of New Jersey
• Southern Railway – Carolina Division
• Southern Railway (U.S.), now part of the Norfolk Southern Railway
• Tennessee Southern Railroad, part of the Illinois Central Railroad
• Vermont Southern Railroad, part of the Boston and Maine Railroad
• Virginia Southern Railroad

• Midi Railway, France
• PeruRail, Peru
• Railway to Beersheba, Israel
• Southern Railway (Turkey)
• Southern Railway (Württemberg), Germany
• Southern Railways (Ukraine)
• Southern Xinjiang railway, China

• Südbahn (disambiguation)
• Southern Line (disambiguation)
• South Line (disambiguation)
• Great Southern Railway (disambiguation)
• Ohio Southern Railroad (disambiguation)
• Southern Railway Depot (disambiguation)
• Austrian Southern Railway Company