Geras
| Geras | |
|---|---|
Personification of Old age | |
 Geras, detail of an Attic red-figure pelike, c. 480–470 BC, Louvre | |
| Abode | Erebus |
| Parents | Erebus[1] and Nyx[2] |
In Greek mythology, Geras /ˈdʒɪərəs/ (Ancient Greek: Γῆρας, romanized: Gễras), also written Gēras, was the god of old age. He was depicted as a tiny, shriveled old man. Gēras's opposite was Hebe, the goddess of youth. In Latin, he is referred to as Senectus.[3] He is known primarily from vase depictions that show him with the hero Heracles; the mythic story that inspired these depictions has been lost.
Mythology
According to Hesiod, Geras is one of the many sons and daughters that the night goddess Nyx produced parthenogenetically.[4] However, both Hyginus and Cicero add Erebus, Nyx's consort, as his father.[5][6]
In the myth of Tithonus, the mortal prince received immortality, but not agelessness, from the gods so when old age came to him he kept aging and shrinking but never dying. In the end his divine lover Eos turned Tithonus into a cicada.[7] In several ancient Greek vases Geras is depicted fighting Heracles, although no relevant written myth survives. Geras is presented as an old, wrinkled bald man begging for mercy.[8]
Philostratus claimed that the people of Gadeira set up altars to Geras and Thanatos.[9]
Function
Geras as embodied in humans represented a virtue: the more gēras a man acquired, the more kleos (fame) and arete (excellence and courage) he was considered to have. In ancient Greek literature, the related word géras (γέρας) can also carry the meaning of influence, authority or power; especially that derived from fame, good looks and strength claimed through success in battle or contest. Such uses of this meaning can be found in Homer's Odyssey, throughout which there is an evident concern from the various kings about the géras they will pass to their sons through their names.[10] The concern is significant because kings at this time (such as Odysseus) are believed to have ruled by common assent in recognition of their powerful influence, rather than hereditarily.[11][12] The Greek word γῆρας (gĕras) means "old age" or in some other literature "dead skin" or "slough of a snake"; this word is the root of English words such as "geriatric" and "progeria".[13]
See also
- Cumaean Sibyl
- Geras, Mortal Kombat character
- Elli, Norse personification of old age
- Gerascophobia
Notes
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Preface; Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.17
- ^ Hesiod, Theogony 225
- ^ Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Geras.
- ^ Hesiod, Theogony 225
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae Preface
- ^ Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.17
- ^ Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 218 ff; Scholia on the Odyssey 5.1 Archived 2023-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Williams, Mark E., M.D (June 22, 2016). The Art and Science of Aging Well: A Physician's Guide to a Healthy Body. University of North Carolina Press. p. 137. ISBN 9781469627403.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 5.4
- ^ "The Internet Classics Archive | The Odyssey by Homer". classics.mit.edu. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
- ^ For an example of this, see Homer, The Odyssey, 24.33-34
- ^ Thomas, C. G. (1966). "The Roots of Homeric Kingship". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 15 (4): 387–407. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4434948.
- ^ "Definition of GERIATRIC". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
References
- Brill’s New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 5, Equ-Has, editors: Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider, Brill, 2004. ISBN 978-90-04-12268-0. Online version at Brill.
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Marcus Tullius Cicero, Nature of the Gods from the Treatises of M.T. Cicero translated by Charles Duke Yonge (1812-1891), Bohn edition of 1878. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Natura Deorum. O. Plasberg. Leipzig. Teubner. 1917. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Further reading
- Preisshofen, Felix, Untersuchungen zur Darstellung des Greisenalters in der frühgriechischen Dichtung, Franz Steiner, 1977. ISBN 9783515020022.