Schachter, Schächter or Schechter (from Yiddish shochet, 'to slaughter'. Hebrew:שכטר also Shechter) is a Yiddish and German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Daniel Schacter, psychologist, neuroscientist, researcher in human memory
• Binyumen Schaechter, composer, arranger, conductor
• Carl Schachter, music theorist specializing in Schenkerian analysis
• Hershel Schachter, Rosh Yeshiva at Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary
• Herschel Schacter (1917–2013), American Orthodox rabbi
• Joshua Schachter, creator of the website Delicious
• Mioara Mugur-Schächter, French specialist on Physics and Epistemology
• Norm Schachter, American football official in the NFL
• Oscar Schachter, international law and diplomacy professor
• Rafael Schächter, Czechoslovakian composer, pianist and conductor, organizer of cultural life in Terezín concentration camp
• Sam Schachter, Canadian Olympic beach volleyball player
• Stanley Schachter, American psychologist
• Steven Schachter, American director and screenwriter
• Zalman Schachter (1924–2014), Jewish activist

• Aaron Schechter, rosh yeshiva of the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin.
• Alan Schechter, political scientist
• Ben Schechter, American filmmaker
• Daniel Schechter, American psychiatrist, developmental neuroscientist, researcher in trauma and attachment
• Daniel Schechter (director), American filmmaker and director
• Danny Schechter, American television producer and filmmaker
• Harold Schechter, American writer
• Itay Shechter, Israeli footballer currently playing for Beitar Jerusalem.
• Jody Scheckter, retired racing driver now farmer
• Martin Schechter (epidemiologist), Canadian medical epidemiologist recognized for contributions to HIV and addiction research
• Mathilde Roth Schechter, American founder of the U.S. National Women's League of Conservative Judaism.
• Ofer Shechter, Israeli actor, entertainer, model and TV host.
• Paul L. Schechter, American astronomer
• Peter Schechter, American political consultant and author
• Sarah Schechter, American rabbi
• Solomon Schechter, rabbi
• Susan Schechter (1946–2004), American domestic violence activist
• Susan Schechter Bortner, American statistician
• Yaakov Meir Shechter leader and teacher in the Breslov Hasidic movement in Israel.

• Schechter Letter, letter discovered in the Cairo Geniza
• Solomon Schechter Day School Association, named after Solomon Schechter
• Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, United States Supreme Court case