René of Chalon, Prince of Orange
René of Chalon
Prince of Orange
Reign	3 August 1530 – 15 July 1544
Predecessor	Philibert
Successor	William I
Born	5 February 1519 Breda, Duchy of Brabant
Died	15 July 1544(1544-07-15) (aged 25) Saint-Dizier, Kingdom of France
Buried	Grote Kerk (Breda)
Noble family	Chalon-Arlay and Nassau-Breda
Spouse(s)	Anna of Lorraine
Father	Henry III of Nassau-Breda
Mother	Claudia of Chalon

René of Chalon (5 February 1519 – 15 July 1544), also known as Renatus of Chalon, was a Prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Gelre.

René was born in Breda, the only son of Count Henry III of Nassau-Breda and Claudia of Chalon.^[1] Claudia's brother, Philibert of Chalon, was the last Prince of Orange from the House of Chalon. When Philibert died in 1530, René inherited the Princedom of Orange on condition that he used the name and coat of arms of the Chalon-Orange family. History knows him therefore as René of Chalon instead of as "René of Nassau-Breda".

René of Chalon married Anna of Lorraine (1522–1568) on 20 August 1540 at Bar-le-Duc.^[3] He was made a knight of the Golden Fleece the same year.^[3] The couple had only one child, a daughter named Maria, who lived only 3 weeks and was buried in the Grote Kerk in Breda. Rene himself was only 25 years old when he died, but he provided a historic and indispensable link which brought the house of Nassau to the stadholdership of the Netherlands.

In 1544, René took part in the siege of St. Dizier in the service of Emperor Charles V.^[4] He was mortally wounded in battle and died with the Emperor attending at his bedside.^[5] René was buried in Grote Kerk in Breda, near the resting-place of his infant daughter. A commemorative monument (Cadaver Tomb of René of Chalon) stands in the church of St. Etienne in Bar-le-Duc.

René of Chalon had inherited the principality of Orange from his maternal uncle, who had been the last male member of the House of Chalon. Like his uncle, Rene also had no surviving children, and in his last will and testament, he left all his landed possessions, including the principality, to his paternal cousin, William of Nassau-Dillenburg. Thus, the estates belonging to Rene's mother's brother passed into the family of Rene's father's brother, and William the Silent came into possession of the principality despite having no connection at all to the original House of Orange. The only condition placed by Rene was that his heir, William, should receive a Catholic education. William's father (Rene's uncle) agreed on behalf of his minor son, and the succession was endorsed by the Emperor, who was the overlord of most of Rene's possessions. William the Silent duly added the name of Orange to his own paternal dignities and thus became, in 1544, the founder of the House of Orange-Nassau.

The principality of Orange had already passed, through the female line, from the first dynasty of Orange to the families Les Baux, and then to that of De Chalon. It now passed to a family which was not descended in blood at all from any of the preceding families.

• Guenther, Ilse (1995). "Rene of Chalon". In Bietenholz, Peter G.; Deutscher, Thomas Brian (eds.). Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. Vol. 1. University of Toronto Press.
• O'Malley, Charles Donald (1964). Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564. University of California Press.
• Rowen, Herbert H. (1988). The princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-8063-4811-9.
• Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (2003). Armorial general. Vol. 2. Genealogical Publishing Co. ISBN 0-8063-4811-9.^{[unreliable source?]}
• Van Tol, Jonas (2019). Germany and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion. Brill.