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Procaine benzylpenicillin

Procaine benzylpenicillin
Combination of
Benzylpenicillinantibiotic
Procaineanaesthetic
Clinical data
Trade namesBicillin C-R,[1] other
Other namespenicillin G procaine, procaine penicillin G, procaine penicillin
AHFS/Drugs.comFDA Professional Drug Information
Routes of
administration		IM
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
UNII
ChEMBL
E numberE707 (antibiotics) Edit this at Wikidata
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.187 Edit this at Wikidata
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Procaine benzylpenicillin also known as penicillin G procaine, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.[2] Specifically it is used for syphilis, anthrax, mouth infections, pneumonia, diphtheria, cellulitis, and animal bites.[2] It is given by injection into a muscle.[2]

Side effects include pain at the site of injection, blood clotting problems, seizures, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.[2] When used to treat syphilis a reaction known as Jarisch-Herxheimer may occur.[2] It is not recommended in those with a history of penicillin allergy or procaine allergy.[1][2] Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is relatively safe.[1][2] Procaine benzylpenicillin is in the penicillin and beta lactam family of medications.[2] It works via benzylpenicillin and results in bacterial death.[2][3] Procaine makes the combination long acting.[4]

Procaine benzylpenicillin was introduced for medical use in 1948.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5]

Medical uses

Specific indications for procaine penicillin include:[6]

  • Syphilis
    • In the United States, Bicillin C-R (an injectable suspension which 1.2 million units of benzathine penicillin and 1.2 million units of procaine penicillin per 4 ml) is not recommended for treating syphilis, since it contains only half the recommended dose of benzathine penicillin. Medication errors have been made due to the confusion between Bicillin L-A & Bicillin C-R.[7] As a result, changes in product packaging have been made; specifically, the statement "Not for the Treatment of Syphilis" has been added in red text to both the Bicillin CR and Billin CR 900/300 syringe labels.[8]
  • Respiratory tract infections where compliance with oral treatment is unlikely
  • Alongside Pen V and Erythromycin, Bicillin C-R is used to treat strep throat, given as one IM injection
  • Cellulitis, erysipelas
  • Procaine penicillin is also used as an adjunct in the treatment of anthrax.

Adverse effects

Further information: Penicillin drug reaction

At high doses procaine penicillin can cause seizures and CNS abnormalities due to procaine present in it.[citation needed]

Mechanism

It is a form of penicillin which is a combination of benzylpenicillin and the local anaesthetic agent procaine.[9] Following deep intramuscular injection, it is slowly absorbed into the circulation and hydrolysed to benzylpenicillin — thus it is used where prolonged low concentrations of benzylpenicillin are required.

Compendial status

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 95. ISBN 9781284057560.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 113, 607, 618. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  3. ^ a b "Penicillin G Procaine - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  4. ^ Ebadi, Manuchair (2007). Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Edition. CRC Press. p. 555. ISBN 9781420047448. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
  5. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  6. ^ Rossi S, ed. (2006). Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3.
  7. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2005). "Inadvertent use of Bicillin C-R to treat syphilis infection—Los Angeles, California, 1999–2004". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 54 (9): 217–9. PMC 6820132. PMID 15758893.
  8. ^ United States Food & Drug Administration. "FDA Strengthens Labels of Two Specific Types of Antibiotics to Ensure Proper Use." Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine Published December 1, 2004. Last accessed June 18, 2007.
  9. ^ Residues of Some Veterinary Drugs in Animals and Foods: Monographs Prepared by the Fiftieth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives : Rome, 17-26 February 1998. Food & Agriculture Org. 1999. p. 96. ISBN 9789251042809.
  10. ^ British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat. "Index (BP 2009)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaine_penicillin