Poulson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Brandon Poulson (born 1990), American baseball player
• James Poulson (born 1995), English former first-class cricketer
• John Poulson (1910–1993), British architect who caused a major political scandal
• Leeane Poulson (born 1962), horse racing trainer and a New Zealand international lawn bowler
• Marie Poulson, American politician
• Norris Poulson (1895–1982), mayor of Los Angeles, California