Paul Thompson may refer to:

• Paul Thompson (professor) (born 1951), British management professor at the University of Strathclyde
• Paul B. Thompson (philosopher) (born 1951), American philosopher at Michigan State University
• Paul H. Thompson (born 20th century), American educator and administrator
• Paul Thompson (arts administrator) (born 1959), chair of the British Council
• Paul Thompson (neuroscientist) (born 1971), professor of neurology, University of Southern California

• Paul Thompson (9/11 researcher), born 20th century, American writer; author of the non-fiction book The Terror Timeline
• Paul Thompson (oral historian) (born 1935), British sociologist and oral historian
• Paul B. Thompson (novelist) (born 1958), American fantasy writer
• Paul Thompson (playwright) (born 1940), Canadian playwright and theatre director

• Paul Thompson (American football) (born 1983), American quarterback for the University of Oklahoma Sooners
• Paul Thompson (Australian footballer) (born 1958), Australian footballer for Melbourne
• Paul Thompson (basketball) (born 1961), American former basketball player
• Paul Thompson (footballer, born 1973) (born 1973), English former Hartlepool United player
• Paul Thompson (ice hockey, born 1906) (1906–1991), Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• Paul Thompson (ice hockey, born 1965) (born 1965), British ice hockey player and coach
• Paul Thompson (ice hockey, born 1988), American ice hockey player
• Paul Thompson (rower) (born 1964), Australian Olympic rowing coach for Australia and Great Britain
• Paul Thompson (rugby league), Australian rugby league player

• Paul Thompson (1907–1984), British documentary film-maker, film historian and critic better known as Paul Rotha
• Paul Thompson (broadcaster), Australian broadcaster
• Paul Thompson (musician) (born 1951), English drummer for Roxy Music
• Paul Thompson (sinologist) (1931–2007), British sinologist and pioneer in the field of Chinese computer applications
• Paul Thompson, 1st Baron Wenlock (1784–1852), English nobleman and Whig politician
• Paul W. Thompson (1906–1996), U.S. Army officer and Reader's Digest executive
• Paul Thompson (media executive), New Zealand media executive

• Pearl Thompson (born 1957), English musician for The Cure; born Paul Stephen Thompson
• Paul Thomson (disambiguation)